Transcript 8 Parts of speech

WHAT ARE PARTS OF SPEECH?
The Parts of Speech explain not what the
word is, but how the word is used
The same word can be a noun in one
sentence and a verb or adjective in the
next.
a word's part of speech can change from
one sentence to the next
WHAT ARE THEY?
1. Verb
2. Noun
3. Pronoun
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
WHAT IS A VERB?
Tell me what you did
yesterday without using
verbs….
VERBS
The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A
verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of
the sentence and expresses actions, events, or states of being.
The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the
predicate of a sentence.
Dracula bites his victims on the neck.
In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.
My first teacher was Miss Crawford, but I remember the janitor Mr. Weatherbee more
vividly.
Karl Creelman bicycled around the world in 1899, but his diaries and his bicycle were
destroyed.
NOUNS
A noun is a word used to name a
person, animal, place, thing,
and abstract idea.
Nouns are usually the first words
which small children learn.
NOUNS
1. Late last year our neighbors bought a goat.
2. Portia White was an opera singer.
3. The bus inspector looked at all the passengers'
passes.
4. According to Plutarch, the library at Alexandria was
destroyed in 48 B.C.
5. Philosophy is of little comfort to the starving.
ADJECTIVE
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun
by describing, identifying, or quantifying
words. An adjective usually precedes the
noun or the pronoun which it modifies.
ADJECTIVE
Adjectives answer
What kind is it?
How many are there?
Which one is it?
An adjective can be a single word, a phrase, or a clause.
1. The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops.
2. Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper.
3. The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea.
4. The coal mines are dark and dank.
5. Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas
music.
6. A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard.
7. The back room was filled with large, yellow rain boots.
WHAT KIND IS IT?
Dan decided that the fuzzy green bread would make
an unappetizing sandwich.
What kind of bread? Fuzzy and green! What kind of sandwich?
A friend with a fat wallet will never want for weekend shopping
partners.
What kind of friend?
A towel that is still warm from the dryer is more comforting than a hot
fudge sundae.
What kind of towel?
HOW MANY ARE THERE?
Seven hungry space aliens slithered into the diner and ordered
vanilla milkshakes.
How many hungry space aliens?
The students, five freshmen and six sophomores, braved Dr.
Ribley's killer calculus exam.
How many students?
The disorganized pile of books, which contained seventeen
overdue volumes from the library and five unread class
texts, blocked the doorway in Eli's dorm room.
How many books?
WHICH ONE IS IT?
The most unhealthy item from the cafeteria is the steak sub, which will
slime your hands with grease.
Which item from the cafeteria?
The cockroach eyeing your cookie has started to crawl this way.
Which cockroach?
The students who neglected to prepare for Mrs. Mauzy's English
class hide in the cafeteria rather than risk their instructor's wrath.
Which students?
An adjective can be modified by an adverb, or by a phrase or clause
functioning as an adverb.
My husband knits
intricately patterned mittens.
for example, the adverb "intricately" modifies the adjective "patterned."
Some nouns, many pronouns, and many participle phrases can also
act as adjectives.
Eleanor listened to the muffled sounds of the radio hidden under her pillow.
both highlighted adjectives are past participles.
ADVERBS
Adverbs answer one of these four questions:
How? When? Where? and Why?
Adverbs tweak the meaning of verbs, adjectives,
other adverbs, and clauses.
ADVERBS
Our basset hound Bailey sleeps peacefully on the living room floor.
Lenora rudely grabbed the last chocolate cookie.
Tyler stumbled in the completely dark kitchen.
Roxanne very happily accepted the ten-point late penalty to work on her research
essay one more day.
Surprisingly, the restroom stalls had toilet paper.
ADVERBS
Many single-word adverbs end in ly. In the examples
above, you saw peacefully, rudely, completely, happily,
and surprisingly.
Not all ly words are adverbs, however. Lively, lonely, and lovely are adjectives instead,
answering the questions What kind? or Which one?
ADVERBS
Adverbs can also be multi-word phrases and clauses.
At 2 a.m., a bat flew through Deidre's open bedroom
window.
With a fork, George thrashed the raw eggs until they
foamed.
Sylvia emptied the carton of milk into the sink because
the expiration date had long passed.
PREPOSITION
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and
phrases to other words in a sentence.
Prepositions are the words that indicate location.
Usually, prepositions show this location in the
physical world.
PREPOSITION
Think of a box…..
PREPOSITION
Prepositions can also show location in time.
At midnight, Jill craved mashed potatoes with grape
jelly.
In the spring, I always vow to plant tomatoes but end up
buying them at the supermarket.
During the marathon, Iggy's legs complained with sharp
pains shooting up his thighs.
INTERJECTION
To capture short bursts of emotion, you can use an interjection, which is a
single word, phrase, or short clause that communicates the facial
expression and body language that the sentence itself will sometimes
neglect.
My colleague in the physics lab shouted,
"Hooray! They made the right decision!"
CONJUNCTION
And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet—these are the seven coordinating
conjunctions. To remember all seven, you might want to learn
one of these acronym: FANBOYS
Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses.
CONJUNCTIONS
Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head scratched but hates getting his claws
trimmed.
Rocky terrorizes the poodles next door yet adores the German shepherd across the
street.
Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, nor will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew.
I hate to waste a single drop of squid eyeball stew, for it is expensive and timeconsuming to make.