Transcript Lesson 15

Lesson 15
Present Tense of “To Be” (Sum)
Accusative of Place – To Which
Learning Targets
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To learn how to conjugate the word that means
‘to be’ in Latin, as well as in English
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To gain an awareness of how we use the
accusative case to identify a place ‘to which’
someone or something is going.
Regular Verbs in English
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I walk
You walk
He, she, it walks
We walk
You walk
They walk
I sit
You sit
He, she, it sits
We sit
You sit
They sit
State of Being – words in English
(present tense)
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I am
We are
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You are
You (plural) are
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He, she, it is
They are
Does this follow the regular pattern of verbs in
English or is this an irregular pattern?
Sum, Esse, Fui, Futurus
an irregular verb
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sum – I am
es - you are
est - he is
Present Tense
sumus – we are
estis – you are
sunt – they are
Note - the stem is irregular, not the endings.
Do NOT use a form of ‘sum’ as a helping verb. Ex.
Laboro by itself means ‘I work’ or ‘I am working’ or
‘I do work’, so the helping verb is ‘built in’. (p. 29)
Sum – the ‘to be’ verb in Latin
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The words of being in Latin are represented by sum
and all the forms of its conjugation
This word does not represent an action (it shows state
of being – WHAT something is), so it CAN NOT
have a direct object. Any words in that section of the
sentence other than the subject and sum will be
predicate nominatives.
**Write a sentence in Latin about yourself using the
‘to be’ verb.
Accusative of Place – To Which
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Used to tell the place ‘to which’ someone goes
All prepositions in Latin are followed by either
the accusative or ablative case.
When used with verbs of MOTION:
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the preposition ‘ad’ means to or toward
the preposition ‘in’ means into or onto
both are followed by the accusative case! Does
it make sense that the accusative case is used here?
Using the Accusative Case to Explain
‘Place to Which’
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The accusative case is used to show who or
what receives the action of the verb.
In using in or ad with the accusative case, we
are showing action into, onto, or toward
something. So, it makes sense to use the
accusative case, as the place someone is going
is clearly receiving the action of the verb!