Transcript The Six Verb Tenses - Immaculateheartacademy.org

VERB TENSE
WHAT IS TENSE?
VERB TENSE
The tense of a verb indicates the time of the
action or the state of being expressed by the
verb.
 The verb

THE SIX VERB TENSES

In chronological order, the verb tenses are:
 Past
Perfect
 Past
 Present
Perfect
 Present
 Future
 Future
Perfect
CONJUGATING THE SIX TENSES
Conjugation of the Verb Study
Past Tense
Singular
I studied
you studied
he, she, it studied
Plural
we studied
you studied
they studied
Present Tense
Singular
I study
You study
He, she, it studies
Plural
we study
you study
they study
Future Tense
Singular
I shall (will) study
you will (shall) study
He, she, it will (shall) study
Plural
we shall (will) study
you will (shall) study
they will (shall) study
CONJUGATING THE SIX TENSES
Conjugation of the Verb Study
Past Perfect Tense
Singular
I had studied
you had studied
he, she, it had studied
Plural
we had studied
you had studied
they had studied
Present Perfect Tense
Singular
I have studied
you have studied
he, she, it has studied
Plural
we have studied
you have studied
they have studied
Future Tense
Singular
I shall (will) have studied
you will (shall) have studied
He, she, it will (shall) have studied
Plural
we shall (will) have studied
you will (shall) have studied
they will (shall) have studied
PROGRESSIVE FORM
Each tense has an additional form called the
progressive form, which expresses continuing
action or state of being.
 The progressive form consists of the
appropriate tense of be plus the present
participle of a verb.
 Nota bene: The progressive form is not a
separate tense. It is simply another form of
each of the six tenses.

CONJUGATING THE PROGRESSIVE FORM
Progressive Form for the Verb Study
Past Progressive
Singular
I was studying
you were studying
he, she, it was studying
Plural
we were studying
you were studying
they were studying
Present Progressive
Singular
I am studying
you are studying
he, she, it is studying
Plural
we are studying
you are studying
they are studying
Future Progressive
Singular
I shall (will) be studying
you will (shall) be studying
he, she, it will (shall) be studying
Plural
we shall (will) be studying
you will (shall) be studying
they will (shall) be studying
CONJUGATING THE PROGRESSIVE FORM
Progressive Form for the Verb Study
Past Perfect Progressive
Singular
I had been studying
you had been studying
he, she, it had been studying
Plural
we had been studying
you had been studying
they had been studying
Present Perfect Progressive
Singular
I have been studying
you have been studying
he, she, it has been studying
Plural
we have been studying
you have been studying
they have been studying
Future Perfect Progressive
Singular
I shall (will) have been studying
you will (shall) have been studying
he, she, it will (shall) have been studying
Plural
we shall (will) have been studying
you will (shall) have been studying
they will (shall) have been studying
THE EMPHATIC FORM




Form used by past and present tense
Shows emphasis
Can also be used to form questions and negative
statements. This usage does not place special emphasis on
the verb.
For present tense: put do or does in front of the base form of
the verb.



I do not intend to give up on winning counties.
Although the garden looks healthy, it does need watering.
For past tense: put did in front of the base form of the verb.


The athlete suffered many setbacks, but she did achieve her goal
of playing in the championship game.
Did anyone make a study guide over break?
THE VERB BE
THE VERB BE
Conjunction is different from other verbs
 Progressive form is generally used only in past
and present tenses
 No form of the verb takes an emphatic form.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB BE
Conjugation of the Verb Be
Past Tense
Singular
I was
you were
he, she, it was
Plural
we were
you were
they were
Present Tense
Singular
I am
you are
he, she, it is
Plural
we are
you are
they are
Future Tense
Singular
I shall (will) be
you will (shall) be
he, she, it will (shall) be
Plural
we shall (will) be
you will (shall) be
they will (shall) be
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB BE
Conjugation of the Verb Be
Past Perfect Tense
Singular
I had been
you had been
he, she, it had been
Plural
we had been
you had been
they had been
Present Tense
Singular
I have been
you have been
he, she, it has been
Plural
we have been
you have been
they have been
Future Tense
Singular
I shall (will) have been
you will (shall) have been
he, she, it will (shall) have been
Plural
we shall (will) have been
you will (shall) have been
they will (shall) have been
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB BE
Conjugation of the Verb Be
Past Progressive Form
Singular
I was being
you were being
he, she, it was being
Plural
we were being
you were being
they were being
Present Progressive Form
Singular
I am being
you are being
he, she, it is being
Plural
we are being
you are being
they are being
USING THE TENSES CORRECTLY
USING THE PAST TENSE

Past tense verbs express an action or state of
being that existed or happened in the past and
did not continue into the present.
I
stayed at the library until closing time. (past)
 I was researching the life and times of Akhenaten,
an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who instituted a
monotheistic religion. (past progressive)
 My research did provide me with enough
information for my paper on Akhenaten. (past
emphatic)
USING THE PRESENT TENSE

Present tense verbs express an action or state
of being that is occurring now, at the present
time.
 Elise,
Jill, and Amy wait patiently to be called on in
class. (present)
 Elise, Jill, and Amy are waiting patiently to be called
on in class. (present progressive)
 Elise, Jill, and Amy do wait patiently to be called on
in class. (present emphatic)
OTHER USES OF PRESENT TENSE

show a customary or habitual state of being


state a general truth – something that is always true


Lady Macbeth manipulates her husband into murder.
to make a historical event seem current (historical present)


It is wrong to murder someone.
to summarize the plot or subject matter of a literary work
(literary present)


Mrs. Mathews grades essays within one week.
Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbor causes America to enter World
War II.
to express future time

American Idiot opens next week and runs through the summer.
USING THE FUTURE TENSE

Future tense verbs express an action of state of
being that will occur.
I
shall attend the Writer’s Workshop at the
University of Pennsylvania this summer. (future)
 I shall be attending the Writer’s Workshop at the
University of Pennsylvania this summer. (future
progressive)
OTHER WAYS TO INDICATE A FUTURE ACTION

The present tense of be + going to + base form
of a verb
 My

parents are going to visit China next year.
Present tense of be + about to + base form of a
verb
 Ms.

Molloy is about to address the student body.
Present tense of a verb with a word of word
group that expresses future time
 Midterms
begin on Tuesday, January 18th.
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect tense expresses an action or
state of being that ended before some other
past action or state of being.
 Past perfect verbs are formed with the helping
verb had and the past participle of a verb.

I
finally remembered where I had seen her before.
(past perfect)
 I had been digging through my backpack before I
realized that the book I needed was in my locker.
(past perfect progressive)
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present perfect tense expresses an action
or a state of being that occurred at some
indefinite time in the past.
 The tense is formed with the helping verb have
or has and the past participle of a verb.

I
have written to the governor, but I have not
received a reply. (present perfect)
 Who has been borrowing my iPod without asking?
(present perfect progressive)
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Remember, present perfect is ONLY for events
that have occurred at some indefinite point in
the past.
 Do not use present perfect tense to indicate a
specific time in the past. Use past tense for
that!

YES!



Apple published a new app
for the iPhone last week.
When I was six I wanted to
be an astronaut.
I have applied to a summer
program in Washington D.C.
but I have not heard any
news about my acceptance
yet.
NO!



Apple has published a new
app for the iPhone last week.
When I was six I have wanted
to be an astronaut.
I applied to a summer
program in Washington D.C.,
but I did not hear any news
about my acceptance yet.
BE CAREFUL WITH PRESENT PERFECT!
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect is also used to express an
action or state of being that began in the past
and that continues into the present.
 The
United States Marine Corps has existed since
1775. (present perfect)
 The Corps has been serving on occupation duty in
Iraq since early 2004. (present perfect progressive)
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
The future perfect tense expresses an action or
state of being that will end before some other
action of state of being.
 The tense is formed with the helping verbs will
have or shall have and the past participle of a
verb.

By the time the year is over, you will have written more
than four essays. (future perfect)
 By March, the yearbook staff will have been working on
the 2010 yearbook for one whole year! (future perfect
progressive)

GUIDED PRACTICE
UNDERSTANDING THE USES OF THE SIX TENSES
Identify the tense of each verb (and any relevant forms) in these
sentences. How do the differences in tense affect the meanings of
the sentences?
1.
a. Margo lived in Brazil for eight years.
b. Margo has lived in Brazil for eight years.
2.
a. How many home runs did Derek Jeter hit
this season?
b. How many home runs has Derek Jeter hit
this season?
3.
a. Our team is producing the whole film
ourselves.
b. Our team will be producing the whole film
ourselves.
INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE
SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN USE OF TENSES
SEQUENCE OF TENSES

When describing events that occur at the same time,
use verbs in the same tense!



When describing events that occur at different times,
use verbs in different tenses to show the order of
events.



The bell rings, and the classroom empties. (present)
The bell rang, and the classroom emptied. (past)
I run track now, but I played volleyball in middle school.
Cara mentioned that she had invited the whole lunch table
to the party, but I know that I did not receive an invitation.
Remember, the tense you use expresses its own
meaning, so choose wisely.
SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Do not use would have in an “if” clause that
expresses the earlier of two past actions. Use
the past perfect tense instead.
YES!



If he had taken more time
building his project, he would
have won the science fair.
I would not have been late if I
had had a watch.
The storm would not have
been as bad if it had moved
through more quickly than it
did.
NO!



If he would have taken more
time building his project, he
would have won the science
fair.
I would not have been late if I
would have had a watch.
The storm would not have
been as bad if it would have
moved through more quickly
than it did.
FIX ANY MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pam appreciated the old saying that every cloud
had a silver lining.
By the time we graduate in June, Sra. Vargas will
be teaching Spanish for twenty-four years.
Although Denny’s skill was demonstrated during
the season, he was not chosen to play in the allstar game.
If they would have called sooner, we would have
given them a ride.
When Jeremy got to the dentist after school, his
tooth already stopped hurting.
INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE
PRESENT AND PRESENT PERFECT INFINITIVES
PRESENT INFINITIVE
Reminder: an infinitive is a verb form that can
be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
It generally begins with to.
 Present infinitive examples:

 To
be
 To discover
 To go
PRESENT INFINITIVE

The present infinitive expresses an action or a
state of being that follows another action or
state of being.
 Charlotte
had expected to go with us to the Bergen
dance.
 She had planned to ask her mother for permission.
 In both cases, the action expressed by the infinitive
follows the action expressed by the earlier verb!
PRESENT PERFECT INFINITIVE
Form the present perfect infinitive with to +
have + past tense of verb
 Present perfect infinitive examples:

 To
have been
 To have discovered
 To have gone
PRESENT PERFECT INFINITIVE

The present perfect infinitive expresses an
action or a state of being that precedes another
action or state of being.
 My
little brother pretended to have read my diary.
 I would like to have gone to the dance, but I have to
study.
 In both cases, the action of the infinitive occurs
before the action expressed by the earlier verb.
TRY IT!

Write a total of six sentences. Use the present
infinitive in three of them and the present
perfect infinitive in three of them.
PRESENT, PAST, AND PRESENT PERFECT
PARTICIPLES
THE PARTICIPLES
Past Participle
been
discovered
Present Participle
being
discovering
Present Perfect Participle
having been
having discovered
PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLES
Reminder: a verbal is a verb form that is used
as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
 When used as a verbal, the present participle
or past participle expresses an action or state
of being that occurs at the same time as
another action or state of being.

PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLES
Receiving word of their freedom in June 1865,
former slaves in Texas created the Juneteenth
holiday. (The two actions occur at the same
time.)
 Gathered at my grandmother’s house, my
family celebrated Juneteenth this year. (The two
actions occur at the same time.)
 Remember to keep the verb tense of the
participle and the other verb the same!

PRESENT PERFECT PARTICIPLE

When used as a verbal, the present perfect
participle expresses an action or state of being
that precedes another action or state of being.
 Having
missed the midterm exam, I took a makeup
test.
 Having been accepted by several colleges, Sam
chose one.
TRY IT!

Write a total of six sentences. Use the present
or past participle in three of them and the
present perfect participle in three of them.
USING TENSES CORRECTLY: SPOTTING
MISTAKES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spending three hours on a review of
chemistry, we then worked on irregular French
verbs.
Standing in line for more than two hours, Vicky
finally got tickets to the Lady Gaga concert.
To have written about the historical Macbeth, I
would have to do more research at the library.
Flying from California to New Jersey before, we
remembered to set our watches back.
INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE