Transcript Chapters 1 and 2 concepts - White Plains Public Schools

CHAPTERS 1 AND 2
ADVANCED
GRAMMATICAL
CONCEPTS
Por Sra. Plant
1/2017
SUSTANTIVOS
……
NOUNS!
Nouns in Spanish have gender.
They are either feminine or masculine.. And
most of them follow certain rules:
■ calculadora
calculator
■ papel
paper
Masculine nouns often end in “o” or “l” or
“r” but some nouns can be exceptions:
■
■
■
■
la mano
la foto
la radio
la moto
hand
photograph (fotografía)
radio
motor scooter (motocicleta)
Feminine nouns often end in “a” like
caluladora. Sometimes they end in “dad”
or “cion” – but there are exceptions.
■ El poema
■ El tema
■ El problema
■ El planeta
poem
theme
the problem
the planet
A definite article is a word that defines a
specific noun – i.e. “the.” There are four
versions in Spanish:
■ el
■ los
la
las
An indefinite article is a word that refers to
a general noun – i.e. “a.” There are four
versions in Spanish:
■ un
■ unos
una
unas
So….let’s see how you do:
How would you say :
■ A poem?
Un poema
How would you say:
■ the problems?
los problemas
How would you say:
■ A hand?
Una mano
How would you say:
■ some planets?
unos planetas
How would you say:
■ The radios?
las radios
PRONOMBRES PERSONALES
……
SUBJECT PRONOUNS!
Subject pronouns replace the subject of
the sentence:
■I need a pen.
– Yo necesito una pluma.
■Do you want a book?
– Quieres tú un libro?
■What does he have?
– Qué tiene él?
Subject pronouns replace the subject of
the sentence:
■What does she need?
– ¿Qué necesita élla?
■Do you (Pres. Obama) need
something?
– ¿Necesita usted algo?
So far we have learned only singular subject
pronouns – for one person at a time. Here
are the plural forms:
■We
NOSOTROS
■All of you (informal) VOSOTROS (Spain)
■THEY (a mixed group or all MALES)
ELLOS
THEY (all females) ELLAS
All of you (formal)
USTEDES
■We need a pen.
– NOSOTROS necesitamos una pluma.
■Do all of you want a book?
– Quieréis VOSOTROS un libro?
■What do THEY have? (all girls/females)
¿Qué tienen ellas?
How do you say “WE” in Spanish?
nosotros
How do you say “all of you” in Spanish?
(to a friend or peer?)**ONLY IN SPAIN!
vosotros
How do you say “they” in Spanish?
(about a mixed group or all males)
ellos
How do you say “they” in Spanish?
(about a group of females)
ellas
How do you say “all of you” in Spanish?
(to show respect in a FORMAL way in Spain
– or in any way in the rest of the SS World?)
ustedes
Alicia necesita unos libros.
■Instead of Alicia, what could
we say???
Ella
Alicia y Alba necesitan unos libros.
■Instead of their names, what
could we say???
Ellas
Ernesto y Fernando quieren una clase
de español.
■Instead of their names, what
could we say???
Ellos
Sr. Dixon y Sr. Cloherty necesitan una
mochila.
■Instead of Sr. Dixon, what could
we say when talking ABOUT
him???
Ellos
¿Mis estudiantes, necesitáis
estudiantes algo a comer?
■Instead of students, what could
we say when talking to them???
(In Spain!!!)
vosotros
Necesitan Sr. Dixon y Sr. Cloherty una
mochila?
■Instead of Sr. Dixon, what could
we say when talking TO him???
ustedes
VERBOS
……
VERBS!
Verbs – We are just starting to learn
how they work in Spanish
■ Infinitives of verbs end in “AR,” “ER,” or
“IR”
■ Infinitives mean “to _______”
■ Necesitar – to need
■ Querer – to want
■ Tener – to have
There are actually 6 forms for each verb
when talking about NOW (the present). 3
singular and 3 plural forms.
Singular – just one person
Plural – two or more people
I: Yo
We: Nosotros
You (informal): Tú
All of you (informal): Vosotros (*SPAIN ONLY!)
He: Él
They (all male, or mixed): Ellos
She: Ella
They (all female): Ellas
You (formal): Usted
All of you (formal/ or informal): Ustedes
Necesitar – to need
take off the “ar” – and add the ending..
■I need
■You need
■He needs
■She needs
■You (formal) need
Yo necesito
Tu necesitas
El necesita
Ella necesita
Usted necesita
Necesitar – to need
take off the “ar” – and add the ending..
■ We need
You need
■ They need
■
All of
Nosotros necesitamos
Vosotros necesitáis
Ellos necesitan
(male or mixed)
■ She needs
Ellas necesitan
■ You (formal) need
Ustedes necesitan
I need
■Yo necesito
We need
■Nosotros
necesitamos
you need
■Tú necesitas
(all of )you need – Spain only!
■vosotros necesitáis
he needs
■él necesita
they need (male or mixed group)
■ellos necesitan
she needs
■ella necesita
they need (the females)
■ellas necesitan
All of You (formal) need
■ustedes necesitan
I want
■Yo quiero
We want
■Nosotros queremos
You want (informal – a peer)
■Tu quieres
All of you want (informal – a peer)
SPAIN!
■vosotros quieréis
He wants
■El quiere
They want (mixed group or all male)
■Ellos quieren
She wants
■Ella quiere
They want (all female)
■Ellas quieren
All of you want (formal or not in Spain)
■Ustedes quieren
I have
■Yo tengo
we have
■Nosotros tenemos
You have (informal – a peer)
■Tu tienes
All of you have (informal – a peer)
SPAIN!
■Vosotros tenéis
He has
■El tiene
They have (mixed group or all male)
■Ellos tienen
She has
■Ella tiene
They have (all female)
■Ellas tienen
You have (formal)
■Usted tiene
All of you have (formal – or outside of
Spain both formal and informal)
■Ustedes tienen
¿Entiendes?
Don’t worry – this is just an introduction
for those that might be ready!