Transcript FR4.Unite3.ImpConFuturSiClausesx

Unité 3
L’imparfait, le conditionnel, et le futur simple
L’Imparfait
The Imperfect
nous form of present tense verb
 drop –ons ending, creates imperfect stem
 add the following endings:

-ais
-ais
-ait
-ions
-iez
-aient
Comment c’est formulé

Only one irregular verb in l’imparfait

Bien sûr, c’est être

nous sommes – no –ons ending

imperfect stem for être = ét-
et les verbes irréguliers ?

Use l’imparfait when you want to talk
about past actions
◦
◦
◦
◦
that took place over a period of time
that happened habitually
that happened over and over again
to talk about feelings, weather, background
details
◦ that were interrupted by another past action
(the interrupter is in the passé composé)
Comment c’est utilisé
Quand j’étais petite … (l’enfance)
 Elle ne faisait rien pendant ses vacances.
 Nous habitions une petite maison.
 Ils apprenaient lentement.

La Duration
Chaque été, j’allais chez ma grand-mère à
la Floride.
 Pour le Noël, ma famille décorait le sapin
après le Jour de l’Action de Grâce.
 Après l’école, je passais par la maison de
mes grands-parents.

L’Habitude
Chaque semaine, on faisait les cours à
Kroger.
 Je réussissais à mes examens de français.
 Il pleuvait pendant huit jours.

La Répétition
Je me sentais très heureuse quand j’étais
petite.
 Il faisait très froid.
 Il était dix heures quand il est retourné
chez lui.

Les Sentiments, Le Temps, Les
Détails
Je notais les devoirs quand ils ont
téléphoné.
 Elle jouais du piano quand son chat a
sauté sur le clavier.
 On faisait une pique-nique quand un
étranger s’est présenté tout d’un coup.

L’Intérruption
Le passé composé vs. l’imparfait
le passé composé

past actions that
◦ ended in the past
◦ interrupted another
past action
◦ narrate events in
informal writing and
orally
l’imparfait

past actions that
◦ happened repeatedly
and/or habitually
◦ were interrupted by
another past action
◦ describe feelings,
weather, details
Le Conditionnel

Regular verbs:
◦ conditional stem is the infinitive form

Irregular verbs:
◦ see the following list

Endings:
◦ same as l’imparfait
-ais
-ais
-ait
-ions
-iez
-aient
Comment c’est formulé

acheter > achèter- similar verbs: achever,
amener, emmener, lever, promener
similar verbs: conquérir,

falloir > faudr-

jeter > jetter- similar verbs: feuilleter, hoqueter,
projeter, rejeter

acquérir > acquerrs'enquérir

appeler > appeller- similar verbs: épeler,
rappeler, renouveler

nettoyer > nettoiernoyer, tutoyer

aller > ir-

pleuvoir > pleuvr-

avoir > aur-

pouvoir > pourr-

devoir > devr-

savoir > saur-

envoyer > enverr-

tenir > tiendrsoutenir, more

essayer > essaiereffrayer, payer
similar verbs: balayer,

valoir > vaudr-

essuyer > essuierennuyer
similar verbs: appuyer,

venir > viendrrevenir, more

être > ser-

voir > verr-

faire > fer-

vouloir > voudr-
similar verbs: employer,
similar verbs: maintenir, obtenir,
similar verbs: devenir, parvenir,
similar verb: revoir
Les racines irréguliers
Use le conditionnel to express hypothetical
situations
 Generally, this tense will be used in
conjunction with l’imparfait to create an
if/then phrase
 Si j’avais un milliard de dollars (l’imparfait)

◦ This sentence sets up the hypothetical situation

j’achèterais un château en France. (le cond.)
◦ this sentence explains the result of the
hypothetical situation
Comment c’est utilisé
Le futur simple

Le futur simple has only one part/verb
◦ Unlike the future tense in English, which is
made up of two parts
 I will go to Paris. will + go
The stems are the same as those used for
le conditionnel
 The endings are based on the present
tense of avoir:

-ai
-as
-ons
-ez
-a
-ont
Comment c’est formulé

To express future actions
◦ Elle ira à Nice pour ses vacances d’été.
◦ Nous aurons beaucoup d’argent.
◦ Tu seras célèbre.
◦ Je ferai mon mieux.
Comment c’est utilisé
If/Then
en français

If-then clauses, also known as si clauses, conditionals, or conditional
sentences, are sentences with one clause stating a condition or
possibility, and a second clause naming a result which is dependent
upon that condition.
There are different types of si clauses, but they all have two things in
common:
1) The English result clause might be preceded by "then," but there is
no equivalent word preceding the French result clause.
Si tu conduis, je paierai.
If you drive, (then) I'll pay.
2) The clauses can be in either order, si clause followed by result
clause, or result clause followed by si clause, just so long as the verb
forms are paired correctly and si (if) is placed in front of the condition.
Je paierai si tu conduis.
I'll pay if you drive.


Si clauses are divided into types based on the likeliness of
what is stated in the result clause: what does, will, would,
or would have happened if.... The first verb form listed for
each type names the condition upon which depends the
result, which is indicated by the second verb form.
First conditional: Likely / Potentiel
Present or present perfect + present, future, or imperative

Second conditional: Unlikely / Irréel du présent
Imperfect + conditional

Third conditional: Impossible / Irréel du passé
Pluperfect + conditional perfect
These verb pairings are very specific: for example, in the
second conditional, you can only use the imperfect in
the si (if) clause and the conditional in the result clause.
Memorizing these pairings is probably the most difficult
part of si clauses

Types of si clauses

The first conditional refers to an if-then
clause which names a likely situation and the
result dependent upon it: something
that happens or will happen if something
else happens.
The first conditional is formed with
the present tense or present perfect in
the si clause, and one of three verb forms present, future, or imperative - in the result
clause.
First Conditional

Present + PresentThis construction is used
for things that happen regularly. Note that
the si in these sentences could probably be
replaced by quand (when) with little or no
difference in meaning.
S'il pleut, nous ne sortons pas. / Nous ne
sortons pas s'il pleut.
If it rains, we don't go out. / We don't go out
if it rains.
Si je ne veux pas lire, je regarde la télé. / Je
regarde la télé si je ne veux pas lire.
If I don't want to read, I watch TV. / I watch
TV if I don't want to read.

Present + Future
The present + future construction is used for
events that are likely to occur. The present tense
follows si; it is the situation that is required
before the other action will take place.
Si j'ai le temps, je le ferai. / Je le ferai si j'ai le
temps..
If I have time, I will do it. / I will do it if I have
time.
Si tu étudies, tu réussiras à l'examen. / Tu
réussiras à l'examen si tu étudies.
If you study, you will pass the test. / You'll pass
the test if you study.

Present + Imperative
This construction is used to give an order, assuming
that the condition is met. The present tense
follows si; it is the situation that is required before
the other action becomes a command.
Si tu peux, viens me voir. / Viens me voir si tu peux.
If you can, come see me. / Come see me if you can.
(If you can't, then don't worry about it.)
Si vous avez de l'argent, payez la facture. / Payez la
facture si vous avez de l'argent.
If you have money, pay the bill. / Pay the bill if you
have money.
(If you don't have any money, someone else will take
care of it.)

Passé composé + Present, Future, or Imperative
Si clauses may also use the passé composé followed
by the present, future, or imperative. These
constructions are basically the same as above; the
difference is that the condition is in the present
perfect rather than the simple present.
Si tu as fini, tu peux partir. / Tu peux partir si tu as
fini.
If you have finished, you can leave.
Si tu n'as pas fini, tu me le diras. / Tu me le diras si
tu n'as pas fini.
If you haven't finished, [you will] tell me.
Si tu n'as pas fini, dis-le-moi. / Dis-le-moi si tu n'as
pas fini.
If you haven't finished, tell me.

The second conditional expresses
something that is contrary to present fact
or unlikely to occur: something
that would happen if something
else happened.For the second
conditional, use si + imperfect (stating
the condition) + conditional (stating what
would happen).
Second Conditional

Si j'avais le temps, je le ferais. / Je le ferais si j'avais le
temps.
If I had time, I would do it. / I would do it if I had time.
(Fact: I don't have time, but if I did [contrary to fact], I
would do it.)
Si tu étudiais, tu réussirais à l'examen. / Tu réussirais à
l'examen si tu étudiais.
If you studied, you would pass the test. / You would pass
the test if you studied.
(Fact: You don't study, but if you did [unlikely to occur],
you would pass the test.)
Si elle vous voyait, elle vous aiderait. / Elle vous aiderait si
elle vous voyait.
If she saw you, she would help you. / She would help you if
she saw you.
(Fact: She doesn't see you so she isn't helping you [but if
you get her attention, she will].)

The third conditional is a conditional
sentence which expresses a hypothetical
situation that is contrary to past fact:
something that would have happened if
something else had happened.To form
the third conditional,
use si + pluperfect (to explain what would
have had to occur) +conditional
perfect (what would have been possible).
Third Conditional

Si j'avais eu le temps, je l'aurais fait. / Je l'aurais fait
si j'avais eu le temps.
If I had had time, I would have done it. / I would
have done it if I had had time.
(Fact: I didn't have time so I didn't do it.)
Si tu avais étudié, tu aurais réussi à l'examen. / Tu
aurais réussi à l'examen si tu avais étudié.
If you had studied, you would have passed the test. /
You would have passed the test if you had studied.
(Fact: You didn't study so you didn't pass the test.)
Si elle vous avait vu, elle vous aurait aidé. / Elle vous
aurait aidé si elle vous avait vu.
If she had seen you, she would have helped you. /
She would have helped you if she had seen you.
(Fact: She didn't see you so she didn't help you.)
Practice

Pick 10 of the following
prompts and create
complete sentences:
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Si je me lève tôt
Si je parle trop vite
Si je perds mon portefeuille
Si je ne réussis pas à cet
examen
Si je ne trouve pas mes clés
Si je trouve une bague de
diamants
Si je vois mon ex-copain Si je
voyage en Afrique
Si nous regardons la télé
Si nous travaillons ensemble
Si on fais les devoirs tous les
jours
Activité A

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
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



Si on mange trop
Si on ne vote pas
Si on tombe malade à l'école
Si l'ordinateur ne marche pas
Si tu es en retard
Si tu ne sais pas nager
Si tu trouves mon livre
Si tu vois Jean-Marc
Si un mobile commence à
sonner pendant la classe

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




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
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
Pick five of the following 
situations and write
complete sentences:

Si j'allais à la lune
Si j'avais un souhait

Si je n'avais qu'une semaine
à vivre

Si j'étais le président
Si j'étais riche

Si j'étais toi
Si je faisais mes devoirs

tous les jours
Si je me cassais la jambe

Si je me mariais
Si je pouvais faire la
connaissance de n'importe 

qui dans le monde
Si je pouvais remonter dans
le temps
Activité B
Si je pouvais visiter
n'importe quel pays
Si je trouvais un portefeuille
dans la rue
Si je voyais un OVNI (objet
volant non identifié)
S'il y avait des formes de vie
intelligente sur d'autres
planètes
Si les chiens pouvaient
parler
Si mon meilleur ami me
mentait
Si notre professeur était en
retard
Si nous étudiions ensemble
Si nous savions le secret du
bonheur