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Sentences Simple Compound Complex Clauses Independent/Main Clause: – Has subject and predicate – Expresses a complete idea – Stands alone as a complete sentence Dependent/Subordinate Clause: – MUST have a subject and predicate (Write in) – Does not express a complete thought – Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence – Adds detail to the independent clause Simple Sentences Simple sentence = Independent/Main Clause Expresses a complete thought Has a subject and predicate Ex: Esta went to Mary Lin Elementary. Simple Subjects & Complete Subjects The simple subject tells you who or what is doing the action in the sentence, not including any details about that person or thing. – 1 word noun or pronoun Ex: A short, fat boy with red hair ran down the street crying. – Boy = simple subject – A short, fat boy with red hair = complete subject *All extra words in complete subject are just describing Simple Predicates & Complete Predicates The simple predicate tells you what the main action in the sentence is - the Verb in the sentence Ex: Anthony flew on a huge, stinky plane over the holidays. – Flew = simple predicate – Flew on a huge, stinky plane over the holidays = complete predicate *All other words in the predicate are just adding details Compound Subjects Sometimes a simple sentence has more than one subject that shares one predicate. Ex: Max and his family drove to Florida. – Max and his family = compound subject *2 or more separate people but doing the same action *The subjects are joined by a conjunction, but you cannot separate the sentence into two sentences. Ex: Chase and Drew giggled all day long. Compound Predicates Sometimes a simple sentence has one subject doing two or more actions. Ex: Quinn likes to read and loves football. – Quinn is one subject – This sentence give 2 verbs telling what he is doing: likes, loves *The two actions are joined by a conjunction, but you cannot separate the sentence into two sentences. Ex: Danny walked through the park and went home. Fragments & Run-ons A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. – Ex: run fast A run-on is a group of words that forms more than one complete sentence and is incorrectly joined together. – Grace is a performer Kaylin is a performer, too. Practice: Johnny burned his hand. A terrible accident. He went to the hospital and got some medicine. Phoebe and Hannah went to a crazy party! They ran into their enemy there. She threw a drink on them and ran away! Jermaine and Christina laughed when they heard the story. Compound Sentences A compound sentence is a sentence that is made up of 2 or more simple sentences – The simple sentences are joined by a comma AND conjunction OR a semi-colon (;) – MUST have another subject after the comma/conj – HINT: To see if it is a compound sentence, cover the conjunction and make sure you have a complete sentence on each side!!! Ex: Nat boarded the ship, and the crowd waved. What is compound in each sentence? Antonio and his family value a good education. Simon read about the military, and he did his homework. Seth played football and took a nap. Austin and Zion worked on their project. Sara studied for her test, and Grace watched t.v. LaTaeya read a book and went outside. Complex Sentences A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and at least one dependent clause – The dependent clause can come before or after the independent clause. If it comes before, put a comma after it. Ex: After they finished studying, Genevieve and Kendall went to the movies. Ex: Genevieve and Kendall went to the movies after they finished studying. Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence is made up of at least one dependent clause and two or more independent clauses. Ex: Even though he prefers to eat with a fork, he uses chopsticks at a Chinese restaurant, but it is hard for him. More Compound-Complex… Ex: Whenever I go to the movies, I eat popcorn, but it gets stuck in my teeth! Ex: If I get straight A’s, my mom will buy me a cell phone, so I have to study really hard. Ex: I love to go to parties, so I always ask my mom whenever I am invited to one.