Transcript “SUM”

“SUM”
Latin I
Spring 2015
Lesson 15 + additional info!
“SUM”
• “Sum” is the “to be” verb.
• Like other languages, including English, “sum”
is an irregular verb in Latin.
• Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its
forms are all different in the singular?
Singular
Plural
I am
You are
He/she/it is
We are
Y’all are
They are
“SUM”
• “Sum” has 4 principal parts, but they look very
different than “regular” verbs’ parts.
• sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be
• There’s no –re to drop to make a “stem.”
• Since there’s no stem, you must learn the
charts “whole.”
Present Tense: SUM
text p. 109
Singular
sum
es
est
Plural
I am
you are
he/she/ it is
sumus we are
estis
y’all are
sunt
they are
These are standalone words, not
endings.
“SUM” in action!
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nauta sum.
Est regina.
Es agricola bonus.
Sunt mali.
Sumus parvi.
Estis reginae.
•
•
•
•
•
•
I am a sailor.
She is a queen.
You are a good farmer.
They are bad.
We are small.
Y’all are queens.
Imperfect Tense: ERAM
text p. 181
Imperfect Tense is a type of past tense!
Singular
eram
eras
erat
Plural
I was
eramus we were
you were
eratis
y’all were
he/she/ it was erant
they were
These are standalone words, not
endings.
“ERAM” in action!
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nauta eram.
Erat regina.
Eras agricola bonus.
Erant mali.
Eramus parvi.
Eratis reginae.
•
•
•
•
•
•
I was a sailor.
She was a queen.
You were a good farmer.
They were bad.
We were small.
Y’all were queens.
Future Tense: ERO
text p. 127 (1st chart only)
Singular
ero
eris
erit
Plural
I will be
you will be
he/she/ it will be
erimus we will be
eritis
y’all will be
erunt
they will be
These are standalone words, not
endings.
“ERO” in action!
• Nauta ero.
• Erit servus.
• Eris agricola bonus.
• Erunt laeti (happy).
• Numerus erit parvus.
• Victoria erit grata.
• I will be a sailor.
• He will be a slave.
• You will be a good
farmer.
• They will be happy.
• The number will be
small.
• Victory will be pleasing.
Write the charts on the
whiteboard… (write small!)
• Present tense of “sum”
• Imperfect tense of “sum”
• Future tense of “sum”