Transcript The Perfect Tense

The Perfect Tense – Lesson
XII
Learning Objectives
To learn how to form the ‘perfect
stem’, which will allow you to
conjugate verbs in the perfect tense
To gain an understanding of uses of
the perfect tense
To recognize the verb endings used
for the perfect tense
To learn the formation of perfect
tense verbs by combining the perfect
stem with the perfect endings.
Nouns in Latin
What tells us how they are used in
the sentence?
Sing declension endings song.
Verbs in Latin
What do the endings of verbs tell us?
Conjugate a verb – go around room.
Examples
Write 2 sentences about something
that happened in the past (in
English).
Share some examples.
Was the action in your sentences
completed in the past?
The perfect tense is used to show the
past, specifically actions which have been
completed!
Examples
We rode the horse. We have ridden the
horse.
We walked to school. We have walked to
school
Viam spectavimus. (We looked at the road
or We have looked at the road.)
Formula for Finding the Perfect
Stem in EVERY Conjugation
To form the perfect stem remove the –i
ending from the 3rd principal part of the
verb. The 3rd principal part is first person
singular, PERFECT tense.
NOTE: (Verbs of the 1st Conjugation have a very
‘regular’ pattern for the 4 principal parts.
Knowing this means you can follow the pattern
for 1st conjugation verbs and not memorize each
principal part for this conjugation only!) The
pattern is:
amo, amare, amavi, amatus
porto, portare, portavi, portatus, etc.
Conjugating Perfect Tense
Remove the –i ending from the 3rd principal
part and add these endings:
-ī
-isti
-it
-imus
-istis
-ērunt
Perfect Tense Word – Conjugated
amavī
amavimus
amavisti
amavistis
amavit
amavērunt
2nd Conjugation Verbs – also use
perfect stem + perfect endings.
The perfect stem for 2nd conjugation
verbs is also the 3rd principal part.
Example: debeo, debēre, debui,
debitus
debui
debuisti
debuit
debuimus
debuistis
debuērunt
Practice - sentences
Complete 2 sentences in section A.
(may do more if we have time!)