Transcript صرف

ِ‫ِع ْل ُم النَ ْحو‬
The Science of Arabic
Grammar
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‫اللغة العربية‬
Study of the science of Classical Arabic requires the study of it’s
two major sub-sciences, namely ‫ صرف‬and ‫حنو‬
‫ – صرف‬Morphology – the study of the patterns of vowelization
which convey tense and voice, and the suffixes that reflect the
gender etc. of the subjects of verbs.
‫ – حنو‬Syntax – the study of how words are arranged to form
meaningful sentences, and how grammatical structure is
determined by the endings of the three parts of speech.
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Map of the Arabic Language

The most basic utterance which comes out of
the human being’s mouth is termed ‫لفظ‬
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Map of the Arabic Language
‫لفظ‬
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‘‫ ’ َموضوع‬and ‘‫’ ُمه َمل‬

. If it has no established meaning, it is known as
‘‫( ’ ُمه َمل‬meaningless), whereas if it does convey
established meaning, it is called ‘‫’ َموضوع‬
(meaningful).
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Map of the Arabic Language
‫مهمل‬
‫لفظ‬
‫موضوع‬
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‫فرد‬
َ ‫ ُم‬and ‫ُم َر َّكب‬

‫ َموضوع‬could be either one word, termed ‫فرد‬
َ ‫ُم‬
(single) also known as ‘‫( ’كلمة‬word) or a group of
words; ‫( ُم َر َّكب‬compound).
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Map of the Arabic Language
‫لفظ‬
‫مهمل‬
‫مركب‬
‫موضوع‬
‫مفرد‬
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Sentences and Phrases

The group of words can be linked together so as
to result in a complete sentence; ‫مر َّكب مفيد‬
‫كالم‬/‫جملة‬/ (beneficial combination/sentence), or
it may constitute a phrase; ‫( مر َّكب غير مفيد‬nonbeneficial combination).
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Map of the Arabic Language
‫لفظ‬
‫مهمل‬
‫مفرد‬
‫مركب‬
‫غري مفيد‬
‫موضوع‬
)‫مفيد (مجلة‬
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Building Blocks of Arabic
‫كلمة‬
The Arabic ‘word’ (
‫إسم‬, ‫ فعل‬and ‫حرف‬.
‫ )كلمة‬is divided into three types:
Stated otherwise, every word in the
Arabic dictionary falls into one of these three
categories. Unlike English which has eight parts of
speech, in Arabic there are only three. This
inconsistency will become clear only after precise
definitions are given to the three types…
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Arabic Words
1.
‫إسم‬: is the ‘‫ ’كلمة‬that gives a full independent meaning in itself and is not
2.
‫فعل‬: is the ‘‫ ’كلمة‬that gives a full independent meaning in itself and is also
3.
‫حرف‬: is the ‘‫ ’كلمة‬which has no independent meaning of its own i.e. can
linked to time, e.g. ‫( رجل‬man), ‫( بيت‬house). The category is broader than
‘noun’ in that it also includes three others from the eight English parts of
speech, namely pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.
linked to time, e.g. ‫كتَب‬
‫( ي‬he helps). This is exactly the
َ (he wrote), ‫نص ُر‬
ُ
َ
َ
same as the ‘verb’ in English.
only be understood after coupling either a noun or a verb to it, e.g. ‫( يف‬in),
‫( على‬on), ‫( و‬and).
This category includes prepositions, conjunctions, and
articles.
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Map of the Arabic Language
‫لفظ‬
‫مهمل‬
‫موضوع‬
‫مفرد‬
‫مركب‬
‫مفيد (مجلة) غري مفيد‬
‫حرف‬
‫فعل‬
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‫إسم‬
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