Transcript Chapter 1 - Cengage Learning

Effective English
for Colleges
11th Edition
Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6
ADVERBS
© 2006 SOUTH-WESTERN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING
Learning Objectives
1
To recognize adverbs
2
To use adverbs effectively
3
To use adverbs to make accurate
comparisons
4
To place adverbs appropriately
5
To avoid using double negatives
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 2
Adverbs—Definition,
Forms, and Uses
 Adverbs are words used to modify verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs.
 Most adverbs are formed by adding an –ly
ending to an adjective.
 Other adverbs indicating place, direction, time,
and other relationships do not have –ly endings.
 Adverbs often answer one of the following
questions: how, where, when, or to what extent.
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 1 through 3.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 3
Adverbs—Uses
(continued)
 The adverbs not and never are used to
negate whatever is being said.
 In
the present and past tenses, not is
generally accompanied by the helping verb
do/does or did.
 Not is often used in contraction with the
helping verb.
Refer to CHECKPOINT 4.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-1 and 6-2.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 4
Comparisons in Adverbs
POSITIVE
DEGREE
COMPARATIVE
DEGREE
This is the base
form of the adverb
and is used for
comparisons
showing equality
and for statements
not involving
comparisons
Formed either by
using more or less
immediately before
adverbs ending in
-ly, or by adding an
–er ending to the
base form of other
adverbs
SUPERLATIVE
DEGREE
Formed either by
using most or least
immediately before
adverbs ending in
-ly, or by adding an
–est ending to the
base form of other
adverbs
Refer to CHECKPOINT 5.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 5
Comparisons in Adverbs
(continued)
 Irregular adverbs do not form comparative or superlative
degree by either method (using more/most before the
adverb or adding -er/-est to the base form).
 For double comparisons, include as after the positive
degree adverb and than after the comparative degree
adverb.
 Avoid the following:
 Excessive use of very
 Using new adverbs made of nouns + -wise
 Using unnecessary adverbs
Refer to CHECKPOINT 6.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-3 and 6-4.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 6
Placement of Adverbs
An adverb that modifies an
adjective or other adverb
is placed immediately before
the word that it modifies
An adverb that modifies a verb
may occupy many positions in
a sentence
An adverb in the introductory or
final position in a sentence
receives great emphasis
An adverb set off in commas
receives additional emphasis
Placement of the adverbs only,
merely, and also
greatly affects the meaning of a
sentence
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 7 and 8.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 7
Placement of Adverbs
(continued)
PLACEMENT OF NOT
DOUBLE NEGATIVES
To increase emphasis and
clarity, place not immediately
before all in negative statements
that apply to some individuals or
items named by the subject.
Avoid using two negative words
in the same sentence
because the second
negative word will cancel
the meaning of the first.
Refer to CHECKPOINT 9.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-5 and 6-6.
Refer to CHAPTER 6 REVIEW.
Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 8
Learning Objectives
1
To recognize adverbs
2
To use adverbs effectively
3
To use verbs to make accurate
comparisons
4
To place adverbs appropriately
5
To avoid using double negatives
Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller
Chapter 6, Slide 9