Transcript He said
REPORTED SPEECH WAYS OF RELATING WHAT A PERSON HAS SAID DIRECT INDIRECT Repeat the original speaker´s exact words: He said, “I have lost my umbrella” Give the speaker´s exact meanig without using the speakers exact words: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella. SATATEMENTS • “I never eat meat”, he explained • “I am waitnig for Ann”, he said • “I have found a flat,” he said • He said, “I have been waiting for ages” • “I took it home with me,” she said • He said,”I will be in Paris on Monday” • He said, “ I would like to see it” • He expalined (that) he never ate meat • He said (that) he was waitnig for Ann • He said (that) he had found a flat • He said he had been waiting for ages • She said (that) she had taken it home with her • He said (that) he would be in Paris on Monday • He said (that) he would like to see it UNREAL PAST (SUBJUNCTIVE) • “We wish we didn´t have to take exams”,said the children • “Bill wants to go alone,” said Ann, “but I´d rather he went with a group • It is time we began planning our holidays,”he said • “The children had better go to bed early,” said Tom • The children said (that) they wished they didn´t have to take exams • Ann said that Bill wanted to go alone but that she´d rather he went with a group • He said that it was time they began planning their holidays • Tom said that the children had better go to bed early MODALS IN REPORTED SPEECH • MIGHT: remains unchanged He said, “ann might ring today”: He said that ann might ring (that day) • BUT!!! “You might post this letters for me”: He asked me to post the letters hor him • OUGHT TO/SHOULD: unchanged for advice or reported by advice+object+infinitive: “You should read the instructions,” Ann said: Ann adivised/warned me to read the instrustions: Ann said that I should read the instrcutions • USED TO: doesn´t change “ know the place well because I used to live there”,he explained: He explained that he knew the place well because he used to live there • CAN/COULD: unchanged/be allowed to He said, “I could stand on my head “ : He said that he could stand on his head “If I had the tools, I could mend it “, he said: He said that if he had the tools he could mend it • IF I WERE YOU I WOULD…: unchanged Or we use advise EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE AND PRONOUNS • TODAY • YESTERDAY • THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY • TOMORROW • THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW • NEXT WEEK/YEAR • LAST WEEK/YEAR • A YEAR/MONTH AGO • HERE • THAT DAY • THE DAY BEFORE • TWO DAYS BEFORE • THE NEXT DAY/THE FOLL OWING DAY • IN TWO DAYS´TIME • THE FOLLOWING WEEK • THE PREVIOUS WEEK • A YEAR BEFORE/THE PREVIOUS • THERE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES • THIS: TIME EXPRESSION • THIS/THESE: ADJECTIVIES He said, “I´ve bought this pearl /these pearlsfor his mother” • THIS/THESE: PRONOUN He said, “we will discuss this tomorrow” • THAT • THE He said that he had bought the pearl f/pearls for his mother • IT/THEY/THEM He said he would discuss it/the matter the following day SAY & TELL IN STATEMENTS • DIRECT: SAY • DIRECT: TELL Tomsaid, “I have heard the news” “I have heard the news,”Tom said “I have heard the new”, said Tom “I have heard the news,”Tom said to me “I am leaving at once” Tom told me • INDIRECT: TELL He told me that he had heard the news • INDIRECT: SAY Tom said that he had just heard the news QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH • Tenses, pronouns, possessive adjectives, adverbs of time change as in statements. • The interrogative form and question mark are omitted • The introductory verb say must be chaged to a verb of inquiry: ask, inquire, want to know,wonder,etc. • Ask can be followed by the person addressed • The question words are repeated in indirect questions • Yes-no questions: whether-if He said, “where is she going?”: He asked where she was going He said, “Where does she live?”: He asked where she lived He asked, “Where is thestation?”: He asked where the station was “Did you see the accident or not?”the policeman asked The policeman asked if I had seen the accident or not/whether or not I had seen the accident “Is anyone there?, he asked: He asked if/whether anyone was there “Do you know Bill?” he said He asked if I knew Bill REQUESTS, OFFERS AND SUGGESTIONS • REQUESTS: for information and instructions “Shall I ever see him again?”, he wondered-He wondered if he should ever see him again “What shall I do with it?”, he asked-He asked what he should do with it:he asked what to do • OFFERS: “Shall I bring you some tea?”, he asked- He asked to bring some tea: He asked if he shoul bring us some tea • SUGGESTION: “Shall we meet at the theatre?” He asked- He suggested meeting at the theatre COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND ADVICE INTRODUCTORY VERBS: Advise,Ask,Beg,Command,Encourage,Forbid,Implore, Invite,Order, Recommend, Tell, Urge, Warn + OBJECT + INFINITIVE COMMANDS, REQUESTS, ADVICE: EXAMPLES He said, “Get your coat,tom!” He told Tom to get his coat “Don´t swim too far, boys!”I said I told the boys not to swim too far “He said,Go away!” He told us to go away FURTHER EXAMPLES: “If I were you, I would stop taking tranquilizers,” I said I advised him to stop taking tranquilizers “Could/would you show me your passport ,please? He asked me to show him his passport/He asked to see my passport/He asked me for my passport “Please, please don´t take any risks” said his wife His wife begged/implred him not to take any risks “Don´t forget to order the wine”, said Mrs Pitt Mrs Pitt reminded her husband to order the wine “Go on, apply for the job2, said Jack Jack encouraged me to apply for the job LET´S, LET US, LET HIM/THEM IN INDIRECT SPEECH He said, “Let´s leave the case at the station: He suggested leaving the case at the station He suggested that they should leave the case at the station He said, “Let´s stop now and finsh it later”: He suggested stopping then and finishing it later He suggested that they should stop then and finish it later “It´s not my business. Let the goverment do it” said the postman: The postman said that it wasn´t his business and that the goverment should do something about it