Transcript EL subjuntivo #1

El Subjuntivo
Para expresar los deseos y las
esperanzas
To express wishes, hopes, desires
and preferences of someone else's
actions
• The Subjunctive is a mood and is
frequently used to express an action that
is desired but isn’t necessarily real or may
or may not happen.
• The Indicative (present, preterite,
imperfect, future…) is used to express
actions that are, have or will definitely take
place.
The subjunctive requires 2 subjects
and “que”
• The sentence must have a main and a
dependent clause.
• The verb in the main clause (indicative)
calls for the need of the subjuntive in the
dependent clause.
• The two must be connected by the
conjunction “que”
ejemplos
• Mis padres quieren que yo reciba notas buenas.
• My parents want me to get good grades.
• Main clause:
• Querer in the present expressing want, 1st subject:
parents
• Que connecting the clauses
• Dependent clause:
• Recibir in the subjunctive, 2nd subject: yo
• Why do we need the subjunctive?
• Unfortunately, just because my parents
want me to get good grades, that doesn’t
mean that I will.
• They want = indicative because that is the
definite statement of fact.
• I get = subjuntive because I may or may
not get good grades, this is the unknown.
How do we form the subjunctive
mood?
El Subjuntivo
• Start with the Yo form of the present tense
• Drop the –o of the first person singular of
the present tense
• Hablo
como
vivo
• Habl-
com-
viv-
Add opposite endings
• -Ar
• Er/Ir
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-e
-es
-e
-emos
-éis
en
-a
-as
-a
-amos
-áis
-an
Hablar
1. Hablo
2. Habl-
Comer
Como
Com-
3. Opposite endings
hable
coma
hables
comas
hable
coma
hablemos
comamos
habléis
comáis
hablen
coman
Vivir
Vivo
Viv-
viva
vivas
viva
vivamos
viváis
vivan
Irregular yo forms
• Remember there are many verbs with
irregular yo forms in the present tense.
• ANY change or irregularity in the yo form
of the present tense will also carry over
into all the conjugations of the subjunctive.
• If it is in the yo form of the present tense it
is in ALL the forms of the subjunctive
Examples
• Poner
Conocer
Traer
Yo forms in present tense:
Pongo
Conozco
Traigo
To form the subjunctive we must take the yo
form, drop the –o and add opposite endings…
Pongo Conozco Traigo
• Pong-
Conozc-
Traig-
add opposite endings
Ponga
Pongas
Ponga
Pongamos
Pongáis
Pongan
Conozca
Conozcas
Conozca
Conozcamos
Conozcáis
Conozcan
Traiga
Traigas
Traiga
Traigamos
Traigáis
Traigan
Irregular yo forms/ go in the yo
Verb:
Poner
Hacer
Tener
Salir
Venir
Decir
Oír
Yo present:
pongo
hago
tengo
salgo
vengo
digo
oigo
Other irregular yo forms
•
•
•
•
Conocer
Conducir
Traducir
Construir
conozco
conduzco
traduzco
construyo
Stem changing verbs
• Ar and Er verbs have same stem change in the present
subjunctive as they do in the present tense…all forms
except nosotros and vosotros (o;ue, e;ie, e;i)
• Pensar
Perder
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•
•
•
•
•
pierda
pierdas
pierda
perdamos
perdáis
pierdan
Piense
Pienses
Piense
Pensemos
Penséis
Piensen
Ir stem changing verbs
• Ir verbs that stem change in the present
show the same stem change in the
present subjunctive, but will also show a
slight change in the nosotros and vosotros
forms.
Dormir
Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos,
durmáis, duermen
Sentir
Sienta
Sientas
Sienta
Sintamos
Sintáis
Sientan
Servir
Sirva
Sirvas
Sirva
Sirvamos
Sirváis
Sirvan
Irregular present subjunctive verbs
• Dar
Estar
Ir
Saber
Ser
Dar
Dé
Demos
Des
Deis
Dé
den
Estar
Esté
Estemos
Estés
Estéis
esté
Estén
IR
Vaya
Vayamos
Vayas
Vayáis
vaya
vayan
Saber
Sepa
Sepamos
Sepas
Sepáis
sepa
sepan
SER
Sea
Seamos
Seas
Seáis
Sea
Sean
Practicamos
I want my friends to be happy
• Yo quiero que mis amigos estén felices.
My parents want me to do my
homework
• Mis padres quieren que hago mi tarea.
Our teachers want us to study.
• Nuestros profesores quieren que
estudiemos.