Transcript Verbals

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Verbals
Verbals are words that look like verbs, but
act like something else (nouns,
adjectives, or adverbs).
Objectives:
1. I can identify and use infinitives and
infinitive phrases in my writing.
2. I can identify and use gerunds and
gerund phrases in my writing.
3. I can identify and use participles and
participial phrases in my writing.
Three Types of Verbals
• Infinitives
• Gerunds
• Participles
Verbal #1:Infinitives
To + a Verb
I can identify and use infinitives and infinitive
phrases in my writing.
Preposition or Infinitive?
1. At the outdoor market, my grandmother
likes to bargain.
2. Would you try to explain?
3. Give an explanation to Glen.
4. To believe took considerable faith.
5. Lindsey wrote letters to friends.
I can identify and use infinitives and infinitive
phrases in my writing.
Infinitive or Preposition?
1) Our trip to China was filled with
surprises.
2) After working so hard, he wanted to
rest.
3) Baxter’s gift to me was too extravagant.
4) When do you plan to graduate?
5) On Vicky’s way to town, she had a flat
tire.
I can identify and use infinitives and infinitive
phrases in my writing.
Infinitives
• Infinitives can function as
nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
• They are the only thing in the
English language that can.
• An infinitive can NEVER be the
verb of the sentence.
I can identify and use infinitives and infinitive
phrases in my writing.
A Little Practice
• The contract was written to provide the
rights and laws you must know.
• The LA Zoo is fun to visit in the morning.
• The winner was excited to accept the new
car.
• Chris is coming to discuss the location
for the picnic.
• Editors are trained to find grammatical
errors.
I can identify and use infinitives and infinitive
phrases in my writing.
Infinitive Phrases
•Infinitives can be expanded into phrases by
adding:
• Adverbs: Jeff’s entire family likes to rise early.
• Adverb phrases: To skate on the ice without
falling was not too easy for him.
• Direct objects: He hated to discuss emotions.
• Indirect objects and direct objects: They
promised to show us their slides.
• Predicate nouns and adjectives: I would like her
to determine her own goals.
Identifying Infinitive Phrases
1. To describe the hockey game in an
understandable manner required
gestures.
2. The birdwatcher’s ambition was to see
one hundred different species.
3. My friends and I went to see the
exhibit on Indian art and to gather
material for our report.
4. Huck and Tom swore to keep the
secret about Injun Joe.
Writing an Infinitive Poem...
1. Think of characters from books you've read or
movies you've seen.
2. Choose one character.
3. Think of 5 things the character wanted and
five things the character did not want.
4. Choose three or four infinitive phrases from
each list. Use them in a poem. The first stanza
might begin with the line: All I wanted
was....Begin the second stanza with the line:
But I didn't want....
I can identify and use infinitives and infinitive
phrases in my writing.
Writing an Infinitive Poem...
All I wanted was
to blow down houses
to eat three pigs
to dream of bacon sandwiches
But I didn't want
to build a house
to go hungry
to be foiled by brick walls
to become wolf stew
5. Revise your original stanzas. Add adjectives to the phrases;
change words; add additional phrases.
Revised Infinitive Poem
All I longed for was
to blow down flimsy, pork-hiding houses,
to lunch and munch on three plump pigs,
to doze the day away and digest a delectable meal,
to dream a delicious dream of succulent bacon
sandwiches.
But I didn't want
to labor, to sweat, to build a house of my own,
to suffer the pangs of horrible hunger,
to be foiled by a barrier of big brick walls,
to slip down a chimney,
to splash into a vat of water,
to become wolf stew.
Objective:
I can identify and use gerunds and
gerund phrases in my writing.
Verbal #2: Gerunds
Gerunds are words that look like verbs but
act like NOUNS and end in ING.
Examples:
Running is my favorite activity.
I like jogging more than I like walking.
I can identify and use gerunds and gerund
phrases in my writing.
NOTE:
An –ing word must be preceded by a
helping verb in order to be a verb.
Without a helping verb, it is a gerund.
EXAMPLE:
The freshmen have been taking the test.
I can identify and use gerunds and gerund
phrases in my writing.
Gerund Phrases
Gerunds can be attached to
prepositional phrases or other words to
form phrases.
Reading a book is food for the brain.
Climbing a tree can be fun but dangerous.
Running through the mall might get you
kicked out.
Singing in the shower is sometimes a very
bad habit.
I can identify and use gerunds and gerund
phrases in my writing.
Using Gerunds in Your Writing
Use gerunds to emphasize what has
occurred rather than who is acting.
EXAMPLE:
I like softball. It is a lot of fun. I have
fun with my friends on the team.
Playing softball is fun. My teammates
have become some of my good friends.
I can identify and use gerunds and gerund
phrases in my writing.
Using Gerunds in Your Writing
Combining Sentences by using a gerund.
EXAMPLES:
I used to hate English. Then I took Mrs. Brown.
She gives clear explanations of grammar. Now I
think English is interesting.
Hating English was part of my life until my first
class with Mrs. Brown. Her clear explanations
make English interesting.
Writing Activity: A Gerund Poem
Think of a book you have read, an event you
have attended, or something else that has lots
of people doing lots of things in the same place.
Examples: fairy tales, a baseball stadium, a
family gathering, shopping at the mall, etc.
Choose one place. Make a list of all the actions
there. Describe those actions with gerund
phrases.
Example: A baseball stadium—throwing
fastballs, running bases, sliding home, calling
strikes, watching fireworks, buying tickets, etc.
Writing Activity: A Gerund Poem
Second, begin with a statement like:
A baseball stadium is ....
When you want to introduce a new set of
actions, repeat the line.
Rubric
25
20
15
Brainstorming
5 ideas
Less than
5
None
Gerund
List
At least 15 6-14
5 or less
3 stanzas
All 3
2
1
3-4
Less than
3
At least 5 All
phrases
per stanza
Objective:
I can identify and use
participles and
participial phrases in my
writing.
Verbal #3: Participles
and Participial Phrases
Participles are verbals.
Participles look like verbs,
but act like ADJECTIVES.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
Present
Participles
End in -ING
Frightening
Entertaining
Past
Participles
Usually end in -ED
Frightened
Entertained
Sometimes end in T or -EN
Burst
Written
Examples
Past participle
Present participle
Confused, Nan
Limping, the hiker
returned to her
favored his aching
interrupted work.
ankle.
Confused describes
Limping describes
Nan
hiker
Aching describes ankleInterrupted describes
work
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
More examples...
Jessica’s shining eyes betrayed her
excitement.
The shattered window needs replacement.
The beating heart fascinated Billy.
The lost boys screamed in the night.
The policeman found the stolen car.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
Being and Having
The present participles being and having may
be followed by a past participle.
Being informed, I knew what to expect.
Having decided, Adele acted quickly.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
Verb or Participle?
The dog is snarling at the The snarling dog
plumber.
attacked the plumber.
The singers delighted
their audience.
Delighted, the audience
applauded.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
Verb, Participle or Gerund?
Do we have any wrapping paper left?
The detective was wrapping up the
case.
Wrapping the gifts took longer than
expected.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
Verb, Participle or Gerund?
Emily must have been dreaming
about her boyfriend.
The dreaming girl stared absently
out the window.
I often remember dreaming.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
Participial phrases
Jumping high, Brad hit his head on the
ceiling.
The chemist, blinded by smoky fumes,
stumbled.
Scanning the book, Angelica spotted the
answer.
I can identify and use participles and participial
phrases in my writing.
If you use a participial phrase at
the beginning of a sentence, it
absolutely must modify the
subject of the sentence.
Looking down the street, I saw
the rabid dog.
Looking down the street, the
rabid dog came toward us.