Transcript Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics.

Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax,
Semantics.
Definitions
And
Terminology.
The Science: Definitions
Linguistics:
– The science which studies language as a system of human
communication.
Morphology:
– The study of the internal structure of words.
Syntax:
– The study of the combination of words.
Semantics:
– The study of the meaning of linguistic expressions.
The Levels of Language and
Linguistics
Text
Discourse Analysis
Text Linguistics
Meaning
Semantics
Situation and context
Pragmatics
Sentences, clauses, phrases, words
Grammar (Morphology & Syntax)
Sounds and letters
Phonology, Phonetics, Graphology.
Grammatical Components
A unit is a linguistic sequence of varying composition which itself
carries a grammatical structure or which operates in the structure
of other grammatical patterns.
Five grammatical units:
– Sentence, clause, group, word, morpheme.
Units are related to each other hierarchically on the scale of rank.
– All units, except the sentence, are characterized by their function in the
patterns.
Grammatical Functions and
Categories
Kernel clause structure:
– Subject and predicate.
Group:
– Subject,predicator,
object,complement, adjunct,
conjunct, disjunct.
Words:
– Determiner, modifier, head,
complement, operator.
Phrase:
– NG (noun group), AdjG
(adjective group), VG (verb
group), AdvG (adverb group),
PG (prepositional group),
PossG (possessive group).
Words:
– Noun, adjective, verb,
adverb,preposition,
conjunction.
Functions refer to what a linguistic item does whereas categories
refer to form and word-class.
A sample of constituent analysis
Sentence
S
P
Od
A
NG
VG
NG
AdvG
d
m
h
operator
h
d
h
h
det
noun
noun
aux
main verb
det
noun
adv
The
bus
strike
will
affect
many
people
tomorrow