Transcript 18. Three Operating Systems

Chapter 18
Three Operating Systems
The Architecture of Computer Hardware
and Systems Software:
An Information Technology Approach
3rd Edition, Irv Englander
John Wiley and Sons 2003
Three Operating Systems
 Microsoft Windows 2000/XP
 UNIX and Linux
 IBM zSeries z/OS
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Microsoft Windows 2000/XP
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Design Goals
Operating System Features
User Environment
Desktop Components
Windows 2000/XP Architecture
 Overview
 System Block Diagram
 Logical Memory Map
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Design Goals
 Extensibility
 Object-based modular design
 Portability
 Written in C and C++ to facilitate porting to other CPUs
 Reliability
 Kernel architecture design to protect from internal errors and
buggy application programs
 Downward compatibility
 Compatible with earlier versions of Windows and DOS
 Scalability and Performance
 Supports symmetric multiprocessing
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Operating System Features
 Single user 32-bit or 64-bit, pre-emptive multi-tasking operating
system
 Powerful GUI that behaves consistently for local, network, and
Internet use
 Support for new capabilities
 Multimedia, plug-and-play hardware, electrical power
conservation
 Manageable and secure file system with built-in recoverability
options and is downwardly compatible
 API that provides a wide range of services to simplify application
development and ensure consistency
 Built-in networking and a new distributed file system
 Network server capabilities
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User Environment
 Simple for novice, powerful for advanced user
 Tools, operations and applications that use
the API behave in a consistent manner
 Extensive context-sensitive help
 User’s system parameters are modifiable
 Applications and users have access to the
same services and interface features
 Tools and operations perform reasonably and
in an intuitive manner
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Desktop Components
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Windows 2000/XP Architecture
 Modified microkernel-based
 User mode
 Environmental subsystems
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Expose OS services to the user through an API
 System support processes
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Logon and user session management
 Server processes
 Protected (kernel) mode
 Hardware abstraction layer
 Kernel
 Executive layer
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Executive Layer
 Object manager
 Provides standardized interface for objects
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Process manager
Virtual memory manager
I/O manager
Security reference monitor
 All protected objects are monitored
 Enforces validation procedures and audits
 Local Procedure Call (LPC)
 Control of all service requests and interprocess activities
 Windowing and Graphics System
 Manages Windows graphics
 Provides Windows screen interface tools
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Overview of Windows 2000
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System Block Diagram
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Logical Memory Map
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UNIX and Linux
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Design Goals
Pioneering Design Features
Operating System Features
User Environment
General Organization
 Kernel operations
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Design Goals
 Easy-to-use, interactive, powerful, and flexible
interface
 Powerful programming tools
 Compilers and associated tools
 Use of small, simple utility programs to perform tasks
and to construct more complex applications
 Small and simple kernel together with a separate
interface shell
 Logical file system
 Multi-tasking and multiuser capabilities
 Simple system portability
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Pioneering OS Design Features
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Process creation and control
Separate shell for user interface
Hierarchical directory file system
Ability to combine small independent
software modules to accomplish a more
complex task
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Operating System Features
 Preemptive multitasking with multiuser
capability, automatic scheduling, and
background execution
 User shells that provide an interactive
interface, commands, and programming tools
 Interactive process creation and management
 Hierarchical, tree-based file system
 Kernel
 Network administration tools
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User Environment
 Login
 User name and password
 Start-up file for user environment customizations
 System, group, and user protections are set
 Interface shells
 Bourne shell, C shell, and Korn shell are the most
commonly used
 Command line prompt
 X-Windows interface
 Logins to remote UNIX computers
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General Organization of a
UNIX System
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Kernel Operations
 Virtual storage and memory
management
 Process management
 File management
 I/O management
 Networking and communication
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Virtual Address Space for a
Process
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IBM zSeries z/OS
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Design Goals
Operating System Services
User Environment
User Interfaces
MVS Organization
 Virtual Memory Map for a Task
 Data Management
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Design Goals
 Maximize system performance and
availability
 Maximize amount of processing by
providing support for execution of batch
programs
 Minimize operator support effort
 Reliability
 Security
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Virtual File System vs.
Socket Layered Structure
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Operating System Services
 Sophisticated resource allocation services and workload
management
 Data set management services
 Job and task management
 Virtual storage operation and management
 Network services
 Time-sharing support
 System resource logging, auditing and accounting
 Error detection, recovery, and logging
 Reassignment of tasks and data to other resources in the event
of an error or failure
 System support programs and facilities
 Security services
 Large-scale cluster support
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User Environment
 BCP, Base Control Program
 JCL, Job Control Language
 TSO, Time Sharing Option
 Used for program development and job preparation
 JES, Job Entry Subsystem
 Job submissions
 ISPF, Interactive System Productivity Facility
 Menu-driven facility that serves as an extension to TSO
 CICS, Customer Information Control System
 Application enabler that provides services to application
programs that have been developed to work with it
 UNIX
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User Interfaces
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MVS Organization
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Virtual Memory Map for a Task
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Data Management
 Data sets
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z/OS files
Sequential, random, or indexed sequential access
Fixed or variable size
Partitioned
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Directory
Members - group of independent, related records
 Catalogs
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z/OS directories
Master catalog for the system
VTOC – catalog for a DASD (disk) device
User catalog has an indexed entry in the master catalog
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Steps in Location of a Data Set
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