Transcript Computer Software - Scott Marino`s personal Web Site

Computer Software
Unit C
Objectives
Introduce Computer Software
Explain How Computers Interpret
Software
Explore Operating Systems
Compare Operating Systems
Define Document Production
Software
Define Spreadsheet Software
Objectives
Define Data Management Software
Define Graphics Software
Define Business and Science
Software
Define Entertainment and
Education Software
Understand Licenses and
Copyrights
Software Categories
Application Software
System Software
System Software
Operating
Systems
DOS
Windows
Mac OS
Linux
UNIX
Device
Drivers
Utilities
Programming
Languages
Application Software
Document
Production
Reference
Statistical
Spreadsheet
Software
Mathematical
Modeling
Entertainment
Data
Management
Accounting
& Finance
Music
Video
Educational
Graphics
Software Topics
Computer program
– main executable program (.exe)
Support module
– called by the program (.dll)
Data module
– Example: a dictionary file or a file that is
not supplied by the user
How Computers Interpret
Software
Computer languages
– Source code
– High-level languages: COBOL, C++, Java
Machine language
Compiler
– Creates object code in single batch
Interpreter
– Converts one instruction at a time
– Common with web-based scripts (part of web
page)
Operating Systems
Interacts with application software,
device drivers & hardware to manage
computers resources
Multitasking
CTRL-ALT-DEL
GUI
– graphical user interface
Utilities
Operating System Categories
Single user: PCs and handhelds
Multi-user: mainframes or
centralized computer processing
Network/Server: serves as router to
local computer processing
Desktop: desktop or notebook PC;
single-user, but could handle
networking
Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows
– 80% of PCs
Mac OS
UNIX
– dependable in multi-user
environment
Linux
– free; good for web servers
DOS
Document Production Software
Use to compose, edit,
design, print or
electronically publish
documents
Types
– Word processing (Word)
– Desktop publishing
(PageMaker)
– Web authoring (Front Page)
Document Production Elements
Formatting
Page Layout
Headers/Footers
Clipart
Tables
Frames
Spell check
Word wrap
Margins
Styles
Spreadsheet Software
Use for numerical calculations and
graphs
Rows and columns
Worksheet, cell, cell references
Cells can contain
90
–
–
–
–
Values
Labels
Functions
Formulas
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Spreadsheet Software
Formulas vs. functions
Relative vs. absolute cell
referencing
Automatic recalculation
Templates
What-if analysis
Data Management Software
Use to store, find, organize,
update and report information
File management software
– Structured or flat file
– A record contains multiple fields
Data Management Software
Database Management Software
(DBMS)
– Database (collection of related files)
– Relational (tables with records & fields)
– Object-oriented (records manipulated using
methods)
File structure
– Fields and data types
SQL (Structured Query Language)
– Natural query language
– Query by example (QBE)
Graphics Software
Use to create, display, modify,
manipulate and print graphics
Paint software: realistic art and
photos
Photo Editing software: simplifies
common editing tasks
Drawing software: uses vector figures
& shapes to create “cartoon-like”
images.
Graphics Software
3-D Graphics software:
create wireframes and then
cover with a texture
CAD (computer-aided
design): 3-D software
designed for architects and
engineers
Presentation software:
creates electronic slides like
these
Business Software
Accounting & Finance
– Personal finance
– Tax preparation
– Small business accounting
Vertical Market
– Hospitals, construction, schools
Horizontal Market
– Generic like payroll
– Project management
Groupware
– Help collaboration on group projects
Science Software
Statistical/graphing software
Mathematical modeling software
– Math CAD
Entertainment Software
Audio editing (sound recorder)
Music
•Ear
MP3 player
Games
training
•Notation
•Computer-aided music
•MIDI sequencing
Video editing (Adobe Premiere)
Educational Software
Learn and practice new skills
– Arithmetic
– Reading
– Languages
– Typing
– SAT
Reference software (CD-ROMs)
License vs. Copyright
Software License: a legal contract
that defines the ways in which you
may use a computer program.
Copyright: a form of legal protection
that grants the author of an original
work an exclusive right to copy,
distribute, sell and modify that work.
Software piracy
For contract to take effect:
– Open a shrink-wrap license product
– Agree to an installation agreement
Types of Copyright Protections
Shareware: try before you
buy on the honor system
Freeware: no fee - can use,
but not alter or sell
Open Source: uncompiled
source code that can be
changed - sold or free
Public Domain: can be
copied, altered and resold
Tech Talk: Installing Software
System requirements
– Operating system and minimum hardware
capacities
Steps (setup.exe)
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–
–
–
–
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Copy files to hard drive
Uncompress if necessary (Win Zip)
Verify system requirements met
Select appropriate device drivers
Necessary system files/players (Media Player)
Update registry and program menu
Uninstall routine or Windows
Add/Remove programs
Issue
Is Privacy
a Problem?
Computer Software
End