Transcript Computer System Components

Course Book
Course Objective
- The student will be able to describe various operating system
concepts as they are applied to memory, process, file system and I/O
device management
- The student will be able to describe how the concepts covered in the
course are implemented in some open source operating systems such
as Linux.
- The student will be able to design and implement the concepts
covered in the course in either an existing open source operating
system or an operating system simulation.
Course Objective
- Understand the concepts that underlie Operating Systems (what is
an Operating System, what it does how it is designed and
constructed).
- Discuss the algorithms and techniques used in Operating Systems
(e.g. scheduling, synchronization, file system organization, virtual
memory, etc.).
- Dispel the impression that an Operating System is something
special, and understand that the OS is a software system sharing
many common characteristics with the other applications that we are
more familiar with.
Grading
There will be:
• Weekly home work assignments, that will make 20% of
the final mark
• Two mid Term Exams, each worth 20% of the final mark.
• Final Exam which will make 40% of the final grade
Make-up Exam Policy
• Make-up examinations are given for medical and
justified emergencies only.
• lf you miss an exam your grade for that exam will be
zero. There will be no exceptions.
Class Policy
1. By registering in this class you are agree to abide by the
following Class Policy and the TU Statement of
Principles on Academic Integrity.
2. Keeping your cell phone ON, talking to each other,
distracting other students and reading newspaper will not
be tolerated. Violators will be asked to leave the
classroom. You cannot use cell phone and internet
enabled electronics devices during the exam as a
calculator.
Class Policy, Cont..
3. Submitting photocopy or hand copy of someone else's work (including but
not limited to your friends work, text book solutions manual, or from cheat
sites on the web) as your own will get you the grade of ZERO for that work.
If this behavior iS repeated, the offender will receive the grade of "F" for
the class and disciplinary action will be taken at the university level. The first
infraction will be reported to the university in writing. A student need not be
caught during the examination to be charged with cheating. If we believe
that the submitted work is not original, he/she can be charged after the
examination booklet is turned in by the student. By registering in this
class you agree to these conditions.
Tabuk University Statement of Principles on
Academic Integrity
"The university has a responsibility to promote academic honesty and
integrity and to develop procedures to deal effectively with
instances of academic dishonesty. Students are responsible for the
honest completion and representation of their work, for the
appropriate citation of sources, and for respect for others' academic
endeavors. By placing their name on academic work, students
certify the originality of all work not otherwise identified by
appropriate acknowledgments. "
Course begins here..
Get Set, Ready.. Go
What is an Operating System?
A software layer that provides two services
to a computer system:
Abstraction
– Hides details of different hardware configuration
– Applications do not need to be tailored for each
possible device that might be present on a
system
Arbitration
– Manages access to shared hardware resources
– Enables multiple applications to share the same
hardware simultaneously
Computer
System
Components
Hardware
Software
User
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Executes program instructions
Multiple CPU cores execute instructions in
parallel
Memory
Hierarchy of different memory speeds
Fastest memory attached to CPU
Registers
Cache
Random Access Memory (RAM) –slower
Persistent Memory (disk) – slowest
Input/output (I/O) Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Screen
Printer
Others…
Power and System Management – to some degree
Power Supply
Internal Cooling (managed fans, etc.)
Hardware devices manufactured by
different manufacturers
Require different level instructions to operate
Have different capabilities
If a common interface didn’t exist…
Variety of hardware might be limited
Every application would have to be
programmed to use all required devices
Example: 1990s – era computer games that
required internal programming for video and
sound cards
Hardware shared by multiple
applications simultaneously
OS ensures that all applications can
access resources
Divides CPU core time among different
programs
Manages access to RAM, I/O, and disk
Enforces system and security policies to
isolate applications from each other (in an
ideal world, at least)
1. Supporting both Intel and AMD processors
2. Switching between applications
3. Separating memory allocated to different
applications
4. Enabling video conferencing software to use
different camera devices
5. Accessing two different hard disks
6. Sending and receiving messages over a network