Transcript Presentation

Chapter 13
Understanding and
Installing
Windows 2000 and
Windows NT
You Will Learn…
 About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture
 How to install Windows 2000 Professional
 How to install hardware and applications with
Windows 2000
 How to install and support Windows NT
Professional
Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture
 Share same basic Windows architecture and
have similar characteristics
Windows NT and Windows XP
 Windows NT
• Introduced a new file system, NTFS, that
represents a break with past Windows operating
systems (also used by Windows 2000 and
Windows XP)
 Windows XP
• Includes additional multimedia support
Windows 2000
 Culmination of evolution of Microsoft OSs
from 16-bit DOS operating system to a true
32-bit, module-oriented operating system
 Better choice for corporate desktop notebook
computers
 More secure and reliable; offers better support
for very large hard drives
Four Windows 2000
Operating Systems
 Windows 2000 Professional
 Windows 2000 Server
 Windows 2000 Advanced Server
 Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
Windows NT/2000/XP Modes
 User mode
 Kernel mode
Windows NT/2000/XP Modes
User Mode
 Processor mode in which programs:
• Have only limited access to system information
• Can access hardware only through other OS
services
 Used by several subsystems
 All applications relate to Windows
NT/2000/XP by way of the Win32 subsystem,
either directly or indirectly
User Mode Subsystems
Kernel Mode
 Processor mode in which programs have
extensive access to system information and
hardware
 Used by two main components
• HAL (hardware abstraction layer)
• Executive services
Networking Features
 A workstation running Windows NT/2000/XP
can be configured to work as one node in a
workgroup or as one node on a domain
Windows NT/2000/XP Workgroup
 Logical group of computers and users that
share resources
 Control of administration, resources, and
security is controlled by that workstation
 Each computer maintains a list of users and
their rights on that PC
 Uses a peer-to-peer networking model
Windows NT/2000/XP Workgroup
Windows NT/2000/XP Domain
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Group of networked computers that share a
centralized directory database of user account
information and security for entire set of computers
Network administrator manages access to the network
through a centralized database
Has a domain controller which stores and controls a
database (security accounts manager or SAM) of user
accounts, group accounts, computer accounts
Uses client/server networking model
Windows NT/2000/XP Domain
Windows NT/2000/XP Domains
 Under Windows NT, a network can have a
primary domain controller (PDC) and backup
domain controllers (BDCs)
 Under Windows 2000, a network can have any
number of domain controllers
Networking Features New to Windows
2000
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Native mode
• Used when no Windows NT domain controllers are present
Mixed mode
• Used when there is at least one Windows NT domain
controller on the network
Active Directory
• A directory database service that allows for a single
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administration point for all shared resources on a network
Can track file locations, peripheral devices, databases, Web
sites, users, services, etc
Windows NT/2000/XP Logon
 Every workstation has an administrator
account by default
• Administrator creates new user accounts and
assigns them rights
 Windows NT/2000/XP tracks which user is
logged on and grants rights and privileges
according to user’s group or specific
permissions
How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages
Hard Drives
 Assigns two different functions to hard drive
partitions holding the OS
• System partition
• Boot partition
 Windows system files do not have to be stored
on the same partition used to boot the OS
Types of Windows NT/2000/XP Hard
Drive Partitions
A Choice of File Systems
A Choice of File Systems
 FAT file system
• Three components to manage data on a logical
drive: FAT, directories, and data files
 Windows NT file system (NTFS)
• Uses a database called the master file table (MFT)
as its core component
The Master File Table (MFT)
Advantages of NTFS over the FAT File
System
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Recoverable file system
Supports encryption and disk quotas (2000/XP only)
Supports compression
Provides added security if booting from floppy disks
Supports mirroring drives
Uses smaller cluster sizes
Supports large-volume drives
Advantages of the FAT File System over
NTFS
 Less overhead; works best for drives less than
500 MB
 Compatible with Windows 9x and DOS
 Can boot PC from a DOS or Windows 9x
startup disk and gain access to the drive
Memory in Windows NT/2000/XP
 Memory is simply memory (no conventional,
upper, and extended memory); all memory
addresses are used the same way
 Loses some backward compatibility
Memory in Windows NT/2000/XP
Installing Windows 2000 Professional
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Types of installations
• Clean install
• Upgrade installation
Can be installed to be dual-booted with another OS
Minimum requirements
• 650 MB free space on hard drive
• 64 MB of RAM
• 133 MHz Pentium-compatible CPU
Plan the Installation
 Select a file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32)
 Verify compatibility of computer, peripheral
hard devices, and software:
• Windows NT/2000/XP does not use system BIOS
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to interface with hardware devices
Software applications must qualify
System BIOS must meet Advanced Configuration
and Power Interface (ACPI) standards
Plan the Installation
Installing Windows 2000 on Networked
Computers
 Consider where installation files are stored
• CD-ROM
• File server
 Unattended installation automates the process
Installing Windows 2000 on Networked
Computers
 Before you begin, need to know:
• For peer-to-peer network: computer name and
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workshop name
For domain network: username, user password,
computer name, and domain name
For TCP/IP networks: how IP address is assigned
(dynamically or statically)
Upgrade or Clean Install?
 Clean install, overwriting existing OS and
applications
 Upgrade the existing operating system
 Create a dual boot by installing Windows 2000
in a second partition of the hard drive
Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x
to Windows 2000
 Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows
2000 Setup to check for compatibility and
obtain a report on upgrade issues with
hardware or software
 Hardware compatibility
• Drivers are generally incompatible
 Software compatibility
• Registries are incompatible
Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT
to Windows 2000
 Considerations
• Install networking on Windows NT 3.51 machines
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before upgrading
If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to the
Windows 2000 version of NTFS
If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party
software installed that allows it to use FAT32,
Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS
Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT
to Windows 2000
 Hardware compatibility
• Generally compatible, although some third-party
drivers might be needed
Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT
to Windows 2000
 Software compatibility
• Nearly all applications are compatible
• Exceptions
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Antivirus software and third-party network software
• Some disk management tools
• Custom tools for power management
• Custom solutions that are workarounds for Windows NT
not supporting PnP
• Software to monitor and control a UPS
Clean Installation
 If PC is capable of booting from CD, insert CD
and turn on PC, or
 Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to
boot the PC and begin the installation
Setup Wizard for Installation
Clean Install When the Hard Drive Has
an OS Installed
Upgrade Installation
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Verify that devices and applications are compatible;
download and install patches or upgrades
Scan memory and hard drive for viruses
Back up critical system files and data files
Close all applications and disable antivirus-scanning
software; decompress hard drive if compressed
Insert CD and follow installation instructions
• Report phase
• Setup phase
After the Installation:
Back Up the System State
Installing Hardware and Applications
under 2000
 Hardware
• Add New Hardware wizard
 Applications
• Add/Remove Programs icon of Control Panel
Installing Hardware
 For PnP devices, the Add New Hardware
wizard automatically:
• Identifies the device
• Determines and assigns system resources
• Configures the device
• Loads device drivers
• Informs system of configuration changes
Installing Hardware
Installing Hardware
Installing Applications
 Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility
looks different from Windows 9x and provides
more options
• Change or remove presently installed programs
• Add new programs from a CD-ROM, floppy
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diskette, or from Microsoft over the Internet
Add or remove Windows components
Installing Applications
Supporting Windows NT
 Ways to install it
 How to troubleshoot the boot process
Installing Windows NT
as the Only OS
 Begin by booting from three disks that contain
a simplified version of Windows NT, enough to
boot a PC
 Installation continues from the CD, executed
by Winnt.exe, a 16-bit program
Installing Windows NT as the Second OS
on the Hard Drive
 Begins differently, but otherwise same as
installing as the only OS
 Insert Windows NT installation CD in the drive
• If PC autodetects the CD, Windows NT opening
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screen appears
If PC does not autodetect the CD, click Start, Run
and enter D:\i386\Winnt.exe in the Run dialog box
Troubleshooting the
Windows NT Boot Process
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To recover from a failed boot:
• If Windows startup menu appears, use Last Known Good
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configuration
If unable to boot from hard drive, use three boot disks that
came with OS and select the option to repair a damaged
installation
Try reinstalling Windows NT into same folder it currently
uses; tell Setup it is an upgrade
Move hard drive to another system and install as secondary
drive (last resort if using NTFS)
Last Known Configuration
 A copy of hardware configuration from the
registry that is saved by the OS each time it
boots and the first logon is made with no errors
 Contained in the registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE
 Reverting to it causes loss of any changes
made to hardware configuration since Last
Known Good was saved
Disks Important in Recovering from a
Failed Windows NT Boot
 Three boot disks
 An Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) to recover
critical system files on the hard drive
Windows NT Boot Disks
 Three are required to hold enough of
Windows NT to boot
 You can format a disk using Windows NT
Explorer just to hold data or software, but you
cannot make it a startup disk
Creating Windows NT
Boot Disks
Windows NT ERD
 Contains information unique to the OS and
hard drive
 Can be created during installation
 Enables restoration of Windows registry on the
hard drive, which contains all configuration
information for Windows
 Also includes information used to build a
command window to run DOS-like commands
Windows NT ERD
Use Boot Disks and ERD to Recover
from a Failed Boot
Chapter Summary
 Foundation for understanding the architecture
of Windows NT/2000/XP
 How to install Windows 2000 Professional
 How to install hardware and software under
Windows 2000
 Windows NT installation and support