Transcript chap09

Chapter Nine
NetWare-Based
Networking
Chapter Objectives
 Identify the advantages of using the NetWare
network operating system
 Describe NetWare’s server hardware requirements
 Describe Netware’s memory, directory structure,
and file system architectures
 Plan for and perform a simple NetWare server
installation
 Explain how NetWare integrates with other
networking operating systems
Introduction to NetWare
 In 1983, Novell introduced its NetWare network
operating system
– Versions 3.1 and 3.1—collectively known as NetWare
3.x—were introduced in the early 1990s
– Versions 4.0, 4.1, and 4.11—collectively known as
NetWare 4.x—were introduced in the mid-1990s
• NetWare 4.11 is sometimes referred to as IntraNetWare
Introduction to NetWare
 Selecting a network operating system
– Is it compatible with existing infrastructure?
– Will it provide the security required by the
network’s resources?
– Can the technical staff manage it effectively?
– Will existing applications run smoothly on it?
Introduction to NetWare
 Selecting a network operating system (cont.)
– Will it accommodate future growth (that is, is it
scalable)?
– Does it support additional services the network’s
users require?
– How much does it cost?
– What type of sort can be expected from the vendor?
Advantages of NetWare
 Novell provides extensive online support from its
support Web site
 NetWare is optimal for file and print sharing
 NetWare offers native interoperability solutions
for Macintosh-, DOS-, Windows-, OS/2-, and
UNIX-based systems
Drawbacks of NetWare
 If there is a heavy dependence on enterprise-wide
Microsoft solutions, consider forgoing a NetWare
purchase
 If the technical staff prefer or demand a simple
graphical interface, Windows NT Server may be a
better choice
 NetWare’s graphical interfaces are less responsive or
less intuitive than Microsoft’s graphical interface
NetWare Server Hardware
TABLE 9-1
Minimum
hardware
requirements
for NetWare
4.x and 5.0
servers
Determining the Optimal
Hardware for a Server
 How many clients will connect to the server?
 What kind of applications will run on the server?
 How much storage space will each user need?
 How much down time is acceptable?
 What can the organization afford?
Determining the Optimal
Hardware for a Server
 When considering NetWare, note the number
of NetWare loadable modules (NLMs)
used by each service
– NLMs are routines that enable the server to run a
range of programs and offer a variety of services
A Closer Look at the NetWare
Operating System
 Multiprocessing
– In versions 4.x and higher, NetWare supports the use of
as many as 32 processors on one server
– Takes advantage of symmetric multiprocessing
– To use NetWare 5.0’s multiprocessing capabilities,
simply install multiple processors in the server
NetWare’s Memory Model
 Whereas NetWare 4.x can use only physical
memory, NetWare 5.0 can work with both virtual
memory and physical memory
– Protected mode
• Runs services in a separate memory area from the operating
system
– Caching
• Process of saving frequently used data to an area of the
physical memory where it will be readily available for future
purposes
The Kernel and Console
Operations
 Kernel
– Core of the operating system
 Server console
– Network administrator’s primary interface to a NetWare
server
 Monitor
– Enables the system administrator to view server
parameters such as protocols, bindings, system
resources, and loaded modules. Also allows the system
administrator to modify these parameters.
The Kernel and Console
Operations
FIGURE 9-1
NetWare
console screen
at the Monitor
menu
The NetWare File System
 Compression
– NetWare 4.x and 5.0 both support file
compression
– NetWare versions 4.x and 5.0 differ slightly in
their default compression services
– Compression does increase file access time
slightly; for this reason it is not recommended
for extremely large files
Block Suballocation
 Technique for using hard disk space more
efficiently
– Block
• Unit of disk space
FIGURE 9-2
Block
suballocation
NetWare Directory Services
(NDS)
 System for managing multiple servers and their
resources
– Object
• Resource in an NDS tree, the logical representation of
resources in a NetWare enterprise
FIGURE 9-3
Simple NDS tree
Container Objects
 Hierarchical arrangement of branches
 Also called organizational units
FIGURE 9-4 Two
ways of grouping
objects in an NDS
tree
Leaf Object
 Object in the
NDS tree that
does not
contain other
objects
FIGURE 9-5 More complex NDS tree
Context
 Kind of road map for finding an object in an NDS
tree
 Consists of an object’s organizational unit names
plus the organization name
 May be expressed in typeful or typeless notation
Context
 Typeful
– Way of denoting an object’s context in which the
Organization and Organizational Unit designators are
included
 Typeless
– Way of denoting an object’s context in which the
Organization and Organizational Unit designators are
omitted
 Schema
– The collection of objects (such as user or printer) and
their attributes in an NDS tree
NetWare Administrator Utility
(NWAdmin)
FIGURE 9-6 NWAdmin interface
Planning for Installation
 Where does the server fit in the NDS tree?
 What name will the server have?
 How many and what kinds of network adapter
cards will the server use?
 What protocols and network services should the
server use?
 What kind of disk controller does the server have?
Planning for Installation
 How many, how large, and what kind of volumes
will the server require?
 What additional services will the server support?
– In a simple installation, the most popular installation
options are already chosen
– In custom installation, it’s possible to determine which
services and programs are installed
 What kind of licenses do I have?
 How can I remember all of this information?
Performing a Simple NetWare
4.11 Installation
 Make sure the server has a bootable DOS partition at
least 15 MB in size and that it has at least 100MB of
free space available
 Insert the NetWare 4.11 installation CD
 At the CD-ROM DOS prompt, type install
 Move the cursor to Select this line to install in
English, then press Enter
 Read the NetWare terms and continue
Performing a Simple NetWare
4.11 Installation
 In Select the Type of Installation box, choose
NetWare Server Installation, then press Enter
 Choose NetWare 4.11, then press Enter
 Choose Simple Installation of NetWare 4.11, then
press Enter
 For guidance on valid server names, press F1 to view
the Help text
 When ready to continue, press the Escape key
 Type the server name, the press Enter
Performing a Simple NetWare
4.11 Installation
 If prompt appears asking whether to install




symmetrical multiprocessing support, choose No
Install program searches for the server’s disk
controllers and, if it recognizes them, installs the
drivers
Choose the driver that matches the server’s NIC and
press Enter
Press Enter to accept default values for LAN driver
setting options
If not installing additional LAN drivers, choose No
Performing a Simple NetWare
4.11 Installation
 After verifying the listed driver for the hard disk and
the NIC driver are correct, choose Continue
Installation, then press Enter
 If the program asks whether it should delete all
nonbootable partitions, select Yes, then press Enter
 If the program does not find an existing NDS tree,
highlight Yes, this is the first server, then press Enter
 Highlight the time zone server will be installed in,
then press Enter
Performing a Simple NetWare
4.11 Installation
 Type the organization’s name, then press Enter
 Enter the administrator’s password, then press Enter
 Enter the password again to confirm it, then press
Enter
 Press Enter to confirm the organization’s name and
context selected
 Insert diskette, shipped with software, then press
Enter
Performing a Simple NetWare
4.11 Installation
 Remove the license diskette and store it in a safe place
 Once all NetWare files have been copied to the SYS
volume, choose Continue Installation, then press
Enter
 To exit installation program, press Enter
 Restart the server
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
 To create objects in the NDS tree
– To manage the NDS tree through NWAdmin, must have
administration rights
– Launch the following executable file from your server’s SYS
volume: PUBLIC\WIN32\NWADMN32.EXE
– If NWAdmin screen does not display NDS tree by default,
specify the tree by choosing View on the menu bar, then
choosing Set Context
– Enter [ROOT] in the context field, then click OK
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
FIGURE 9-7
NetWare
Administrator
window
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
 Double-click the root object
 To create an organization, right-click the root object,
then choose Create
 Scroll down the list of objects, highlight
Organization, then click OK
 Enter the Organization name then click Create
 To create an object inside the organization, right-click
the Organization, then choose Create
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
 The program displays a list of objects to choose to
create within the Organization
 To create an Organizational Unit beneath your
Organization, select the Organizational Unit object,
then click OK
 Enter the name of the Organizational Unit, then click
Create
 To create a user belonging to the Organizational Unit,
right-click the Organizational Unit, then choose
Create
 Press U to select the User object
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
 Press Enter to create a User object
 Click OK after entering the user’s ID and last name in
the Create User dialog box appears
FIGURE 9-8
Create User
dialog box
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
 To modify the properties of a User object through
NWAdmin
– Right-click the User object whose properties you want
to modify, then choose Details from the menu that
appears
– To modify the user’s password, click the Password
Restrictions button in the object’s Properties dialog
box
– Change the properties as instructed by the properties
dialog box
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
FIGURE 9-9
Password
Restrictions
window
Using the NetWare Administrator
Utility (NWAdmin)
 To delete an NDS object through NWAdmin
– Right-click the object, then choose Delete from the
menu
– Click Yes to confirm the deletion
Internetworking with Other
Operating Systems
 NDS for NT
– Tool that works with NetWare 4.x and 5.0
operating systems and Windows NT servers to
enable Windows NT domains to appear as
container objects in NWAdmin
Chapter Summary
 Currently several versions of NetWare exist
 To determine the NetWare server’s
requirements, consider the number of
NetWare loadable modules (NLMs) used by
each service
 Add components to a NetWare server to
enhance its fault tolerance and performance
Chapter Summary
 In versions 4.x and higher, NetWare supports
as many as 32 processors on one server and
uses symmetric multiprocessing
 Whereas NetWare4.x can use only physical
memory, NetWare 5.0 can use both physical
and virtual memory
 Novell allows network administrators to
adjust the server’s use of memory in a
number of ways
Chapter Summary
 At the heart of NetWare lies the kernel, or
core of the operating system
 The network administrator’s primary
interface to a NetWare server is the server
console
 Hundreds of NLMs are available for NetWare
operating system
Chapter Summary
 NetWare’s high-performance file system
supports DOS, Macintosh, UNIX, OS/2, and
Windows’ long filenames
 Before inserting the NetWare CD for installation
of the operating system, consider the many
factors the system will have
 NWAdmin is a graphical interface that runs from
Windows 95 or Windows NT workstation and
enables network administrators to manage NDS
objects