Transcript Getting Started with Support

Course ILT
Data storage devices
Unit objectives
 Describe hard drives and file systems,
and install IDE and SCSI hard drives
 Describe optical data storage, install
and use optical drives and discs
 Install and use floppy drives and disks,
and install, use, and safely remove
USB flash drives
 Maintain and troubleshoot your data
storage devices
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Topic A
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Topic A: Hard drives
Topic B: Optical drives
Topic C: Removable storage devices
Topic D: Storage device
troubleshooting
Hard drive components
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Arm
Actuator
Head
Platter
Spindle
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Hard drive geometry
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Head crash
 Heads contact surface during
operation
 Heads float ½ of a millionth of an inch
above surface
 Don’t drop or jolt your PC during
operation
 Heads parked at shutdown, damage
still possible
File systems
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 Logical organization scheme for files
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Sector and cluster sizes
How file and folder names are tracked
How file and folder locations are tracked
How files and folders are stored within
clusters
 FAT and NTFS
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FAT file system
 Developed for DOS
 Supported through current Windows
versions
 16 and 32 bit versions
 16-bit version featured restricted file
names (8 characters, 3 letter
extensions, no spaces)
 Slow and limited compared to NTFS
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NTFS file system
 Developed for Windows NT
 Supported in Windows 2000
Professional and all Windows XP
versions
 32-bit file system
 255-character names with spaces
 Supports larger files, larger volumes,
and is faster than FAT
FAT vs. NTFS
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Feature
FAT16
FAT32
NTFS
File name length 1-8 characters
1-255
characters*
1-255
characters*
File extensions
0-3 characters
0-255
characters*
0-255
characters*
Max. file size
2 GB
4 GB
Limited only by
volume size
Max. volume
size
2 GB
32 GB
2 TB
Max. files per
volume
Approx. 6,500
Unlimited
Unlimited
Most often used
with
DOS, Windows
3.x and 95
Windows 9x,
and Me
Windows NT,
2000, and XP
Supports file
level security
No
No
Yes
Supports file
compression
and encryption
No
No
Yes
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Directory trees
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Root directory
Directories contain file and folders
Directory = folder
FAT16 limited root directory to 512
entries
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Root directory of C:
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File organization problems
 Best speed when file is contiguous
 Files become fragmented (distributed
across the disk)
 Defragging relocates file parts to be
contiguous
 Cluster chain can be broken
– By viruses or poorly written programs
 Use chkdsk or other utility to check
and fix file problems.
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Activity A-1
Choosing a file system
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Physical installation
1. Set drive identification jumpers or
switches
2. Install the drive into the PC chassis
3. If SCSI and required, terminate drive
4. Connect data and control cables
5. Connect the power cable
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ATA drive identification
 Drive jumpers
 Cable position
Motherboard
Slave
Master
SCSI drive identification
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 Set jumpers switches
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Chassis installation
 Use any available bay for hard drive
 Also smaller specific hard drive bays
 Install where data and power cables
reach
 Mount horizontally or vertically
 Use ESD precautions
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Data and power cable connections
 Most cables are keyed
 Older cable:
– Wire 1 red stripe
– Pin 1 labeled with number or triangle
– Line up wire 1 with pin 1
 Correct connector for master/slave
 Terminate SCSI bus
 IDE/SCSI
– Large peripheral power connector with
triangular corners
 SATA
– Specialized keyed power connector
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Activity A-2
Physically installing a hard drive
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Hard drive preparation
 Low-level format
 Partition
 High-level format
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Low-level formatting
 Records tracks
 Divides tracks into sectors
 Old drives required occasionally relow-level formatting
 New drives, done at the factory
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Partitioning
 Divides disk into logical drives
 Logical drives = volumes
 First sector on bootable volume is the
Master Boot Record (MBR)
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Unpartitioned disk in Windows
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Partition types
 Master boot record (MBR)
 Primary and extended
– Primary: directly accessed by OS
– Extended: contain one or more logical
drives that are accessed by the OS
– Up to 4 primary and 1 extended per drive
 Basic and Dynamic
– Basic: standard type since DOS
– Dynamic: new type with Windows 2000
– Permits changes without restarting the
operating system
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Partitioning utilities
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fdisk
fdisk /mbr (rewrites the MBR)
Windows Disk Manager
Third-party
Formatting
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 Creates logical file storage structures
– File allocation table and so forth
 Destructive process
– Sometimes you can recover data
 Use format command or Windows
Disk Management
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Activity A-3
Partitioning and formatting
a hard drive
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Topic B
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Topic A: Hard drives
Topic B: Optical drives
Topic C: Removable storage devices
Topic D: Storage device
troubleshooting
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Components of a CD
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Recordable CDs
 Process is called “burning”
 CD-R can be written once and read
many times
 CD-RW can be written multiple times
CD drive components
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Laser
Spindle
Tray
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CD drive components
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Control buttons
Headphone jack
Volume control dial
Manual eject hole
CD drive speeds
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 Expressed as xX
– x = number of times faster the rate of CD
spin
 1X spins 210 to 539 RPM
 2X twice as fast as 1X
 xX accurate up to 12X
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DVDs
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12 cm diameter like CDs
Thinner than CDs
Uses different encoding method CDs
Requires a narrower laser beam
DVD-R and DVD-RW
Internal or external
– Internal: IDE, Serial ATA, SCSI
– External: FireWire or USB 2.0
 1X to 16X
 Need an MPEG-2 decoder
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DVD types
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DVD-5
DVD-9
DVD-10
DVD-14
DVD-18
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Optical drive installation
1. Need a horizontal 5.25” drive bay
2. Verify interface and power cables can
reach the optical drive
3. Verify audio cable reaches the sound card
4. Set jumpers on IDE drive to Master, Slave,
or Cable Select
5. On SCSI drive, set SCSI ID
6. Install drive in bay according to your case
specification
7. Verify drive door opens freely
8. If necessary, install drivers
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Optical drive connections
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Activity B-1
Installing an optical drive
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“What do you want to do?” options
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Using CD and DVD drives
 Read and write CDs using Windows
Media player
 Other CD read/write apps:
– RealPlayer
– Easy CD Creator
– Sonic RecordNow!
 Play DVDs using Windows Media
Player
 Must install DVD decoder
– Download Windows XP Video Decoder
Checkup utility from microsoft.com
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Activity B-2
Using an optical drive
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Topic C
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Topic A: Hard drives
Topic B: Optical drives
Topic C: Removable storage devices
Topic D: Storage device
troubleshooting
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USB flash drives
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Flash MP3 player
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Activity C-1
Installing a USB flash drive
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Floppy disks
Case (opened)
Diskette medium
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5.25” floppy disk
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3.5” floppy disk
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Capacities
Size
Tracks
Sectors per
track
Density
Capacity
5.25”
40
9
Double
360 KB
5.25”
80
15
High
1.2 MB
3.5”
80
9
Double
720 KB
3.5”
80
18
High
1.44 MB
3.5”
80
36
Extrahigh
2.88 MB
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Write protection
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Activity C-2
Examining floppy disks
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Floppy controller resources
System resource
Typical value
IRQ
6
I/O address range
0x03F0-0x03F7
DMA channel
2
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Floppy drive cable
Drive A connector
Motherboard connector
Drive B connector
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Floppy controller connector
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Activity C-3
Installing a floppy drive
Diskette preparation
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 Format
– Records sector structure
– Creates file allocation table
– Destructive process
 Purchase pre-formatted floppies
– PC or Macintosh formats
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Boot floppies
 Minimal operating system files
 Bootable boot sector
 Files and structure vary by operating
system
– Windows 2000 Professional and
Windows XP also require CD or hard
drive during boot time
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Activity C-4
Formatting a floppy diskette
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Topic D
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Topic A: Hard drives
Topic B: Optical drives
Topic C: Removable storage devices
Topic D: Storage device
troubleshooting
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Hard drive maintenance
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Checking for disk errors
Freeing space
Defragging
Recovering deleted files
Diagnostic utilities
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Optical disc and drive cleaning
 Dirt and scratches cause problems
 Wipe with soft-lint free cloth from
center out
 Can use water or gentle soap
 Don’t use cleaners or abrasives
 Don’t need to clean the laser lens
unless highly dusty environment
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Activity D-1
Maintaining your hard drive
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Troubleshooting hard disks
 Cannot access drive at all
 Cannot boot from the hard drive
 Space on drive doesn’t match advertised
space
 Files becoming corrupted
 System will boot from the hard drive when
you do a warm restart, but not from a cold
boot
 Drive letter incorrect
 Cannot use the full space of a very large
drive
 Drive not autodetected during the boot
process
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Troubleshooting CD drives
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No audio plays from CD
CD drive not found
Disc can’t be read
Buffer underrun
Write process fails several minutes
after starting
 Zip files are corrupted when recorded
on a SCSI CD-RW drive
 Burned CD-RW disc can’t be read on
another computer
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Troubleshooting DVD drives
 DVD can’t be played when two
displays are being used
 UDF formatted discs can’t be read
 Cannot play DVD movie
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Activity D-2
Troubleshooting data storage devices
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Unit summary
 Described hard drives and file
systems, and installed IDE and SCSI
hard drives
 Described optical data storage,
installed and used optical drives and
discs
 Installed and used floppy drives and
disks, and installed, used, and safely
removed USB flash drives
 Maintained and resolved problems
with data storage devices