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Window
(GUI)
Word Processing, Web Browsing, File Access, etc.
Windows
Memory
Management
Management
File
Systems
Device
Control
Network
Control
Process Management
Windows
Operating
System
(Kernel)
Computer
Hardware
Platform
Dependent
Code
CPU
Virtual
Memory
“Swap”
RAM
Block Data
Drivers
Character
Data
Drivers
Network
Interface
Drivers
Disk Drives
Serial and
Parallel
Ports
Network
Interfaces
Windows
Word Processing, Web Browsing, File Access, etc.
Windows
Management
Windows Manager
The graphical user interface (GUI) is the point
and click environment with which you are most
familiar when using Windows.
The Windows GUI is started early in order to
control the input device (keyboard, mouse, etc…)
and the output (computer monitor).
The Windows Manager allows you to create,
move, minimize and transfer between applications
on the desktop.
Each application is opened in its own window.
Memory
Management
File
Systems
Device
Control
Network
Control
Process Management
Windows
Operating
System
Platform
Dependent
Code
Virtual
Memory
“Swap”
Block Data
Drivers
Character
Data
Drivers
Network
Interface
Drivers
Windows KERNEL
The Kernel is the “core” of a Windows
operating system. Without it you have a box with
useless hardware that generates heat.
The purpose of the Kernel is to manage all
hardware, programs and control all system
communications.
The Kernel refers to a running program as a
process. The Kernel, starts/stops all processes,
manages all communications and coordinates all
hardware access.
Memory
Management
File
Systems
Device
Control
Network
Control
Process Management
Windows
Operating
System
Platform
Dependent
Code
Virtual
Memory
“Swap”
Block Data
Drivers
Character
Data
Drivers
Network
Interface
Drivers
Windows - Memory
One primary function of the Operating System
is memory management. That includes not only
physical memory (RAM) but also the virtual
memory swap area.
When a process is started, its program
instructions are loaded into RAM as pages by
memory management so the program can run.
As RAM fills with additional processes,
memory management moves the code for less
active processes to the hard drive swap area.
Memory
Management
File
Systems
Device
Control
Network
Control
Process Management
Windows
Operating
System
Platform
Dependent
Code
Virtual
Memory
“Swap”
Block Data
Drivers
Character
Data
Drivers
Network
Interface
Drivers
Windows – File System
The file system manager provides read and
write functions between the various disk drives
and active applications.
The file system manager interfaces with you,
the user, via the application called “Windows
Explorer” to allow you to find, open, print, rename,
copy, paste, move and delete application
(program) files.
Memory
Management
File
Systems
Device
Control
Network
Control
Process Management
Windows
Operating
System
Platform
Dependent
Code
Virtual
Memory
“Swap”
Block Data
Drivers
Character
Data
Drivers
Network
Interface
Drivers
Windows – Hardware
Hardware management is the process of
controlling communications between the
Operating System and a hardware device.
This communication is facilitated with the use
of an additional bit of software known as a device
driver that is specifically designed for the
particular hardware it supports.
Windows – Hardware
The Operating System communicates with all
device drivers over the internal bus and depends
on the device driver to do the conversion needed
to communicate with its particular hardware
device.
Device drivers transmit and receive data to
and from the hardware device in
these formats:
Character - data passed one character at a time.
Block - data passed as blocks of multiple characters.
Network – data passed as multiple character packets
with control characters.
Software
Windows
Windows XP
Windows Office
MS Word
MS Excel
MS Power Point
MS Access
MS Publisher
MS Outlook
Photo Shop
Grand Total
Cost
$100
$330
$190
$620
Linux
Windows XP
Open Office .org
Writer
Calc
Impress
Base
Draw
Thunderbird (separate)
GIMP
Grand Total
Cost
$100
$0
$0
$100