Transcript Folie 1 - University of Nebraska Omaha

GNU, Linux and Open Source
GNU
Kernel
GNU/ Linux
OpenSource
GNU - GNUs Not Unix

GNU (pronounced g'noo) is a free operating
system

GNU was invented by Richard Stallman in
1983 at MIT

Stallman quit his job at MIT so that they
could not claim ownership and interfere with
distributing GNU as free software
GNU – GNU/ Linux

The members of the GNU project tried to build their own
kernel (HURD) to get a fully functional free operating system

In 1992, GNU was combined with a free Unix-compatible
kernel called LINUX

It is distributed as GNU/Linux

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Suse, Debian/Linux, Red Hat
In 2005, the distributer Debian released the first GNU with its
own kernel HURD

Debian HURD
GNU/ Linux - develpoers
Richard Stallman
Linus Torvalds
KERNEL – the core

a kernel is the core of an operating
system

its responsible for providing secure
access to the machine's hardware and
to various computer processes
KERNEL – the core
KERNEL – types

monolith kernel

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microkernel

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
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(WinNT 4, Mac OS X )
less powerful
provides a small set of simple hardware drivers and uses
external applications to provide more functionality
hybrid kernels


(UNIX, Linux, MS/DR- DOS)
more powerful
Drivers and modules are embedded in to the kernel which improves the
speed of a OS
(Windows 2000, Windows XP, etc)
others
LINUX-KERNEL
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In 1991, Linus Torvalds (Finland) wrote
a Unix-compatible kernel (v0.01)

LINUX (LINUs uniX)
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It was available for free, but
copyrighted on the Internet
LINUX-KERNEL

1993 it became a part of GPL
(General Public License)

Single person and group developers
started distributing GNU/Linux
systems as standalone OS
LINUX-KERNEL

1993 it became a part of GPL
(General Public License)

Single person and group developers
started distributing GNU/Linux
systems as standalone OS
GPL – General Public License

GPL was released in January 1989

The latest version of the license, v2,
was released in 1991
GPL – grants

the freedom to run the program for any purpose

the freedom to study how the program works and
modify it
(Access to the source code is a precondition for this)

the freedom to redistribute copies

the freedom to improve the program, and release
the improvements to the public (Access to the
source code is a precondition for this)
Win vs. Linux startup
You see what you get !
startup Windows XP
startup Linux
Win vs. Linux prompt
MS-DOS prompt
GNU/ Linux prompt
Win vs. KDE environment
Windows XP
GNU/Linux KDE 3.3
OpenSource – free as in free speech

Its source code is published and made
available to the public, enabling anyone to
copy, modify and redistribute the source
code without paying royalties or fees

Since the early 1960s most software was
developed in an open source manner
OpenSource – examples
General:
 Linux (kernel)
 KDE/ GNOME (desktop environment)
 Apache (webserver)
 MySQL (database)
 OpenOffice.org (office)
 Mozilla (browser)
GIS Software:
 UMN – MapServer (mapserver)
 Grass (GIS)
OpenSource – costs
MICROSOFT/ ESRI:
OpenSource:
WindowsXP
~$250
GNU/Linux
$0
Office2k3
~$500
OpenOffice.org
$0
ArcView
$1,500
GRASS
$0
UMN Mapserver
$0
Documentation
$0
ArcGIS
Documentation
Set
$480
LINKS
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http://www.wikipedia.com
http://www.gnu.org
http://www.kernel.org
http://www.linux.org
http://www.suse.com
http://www.debian.org
http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd