Transcript Early Middle Ages Timeline

Early Middle Ages
Timeline
410 A.D.- Visigoths sack Rome and
the Roman Empire deteriorates
476 A.D.- End of the Roman
Empire; Emperor Romulus
Augustus deposed by the Goths
732 A.D. – Battle of Tours: Franks
repel Muslim invasion
800 A.D.- Coronation of
Charlemagne, Holy Roman Emperor
and King of the Franks
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Marks the beginning
of the rise of the
power of the popes
900s A.D.- Feudalism
develops in Europe
1000s A.D.- Agricultural Revolution!
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Increased productivity through the use of:
– Iron Plow
– 3- Field System
– Horse Collar
1054 A.D.- Great Schism:
split in the Eastern
Orthodox and Catholic
Church
1066 A.D.- Normans capture
England (William the Conqueror)
French Chivalric Code
 Domesday Book (survey of land/property)
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1100s A.D.
Growth of cities, prosperity through trade,
loans made to nobility in exchange for
charter of liberties,
 Serfs get freedom
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Warm Up
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Based on your PALMER reading, What
other TRENDS or PATTERNS dominate
Europe as the medieval period
progressed?
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Highlight them in your notes.
1095 A.D.- Pope Urban II calls for a
“great crusade”
 1st
Crusade: led by Peter the Hermit with
70,000-300,000 followers
– Leaders around Europe took up the call
– Took back the Holy Land
 3rd
Crusade: Richard the Lionhearted vs.
Saladin, 1189-1192
– Christians allowed passage to pilgrimages
– Protected by Knights Templar
Effects of Crusades
Increased wealth and power of the Church
and Papacy
 Expanded trade routes, markets
 Breakdown of feudal aristocracy
 Intellectual Development- Eastern learning
(Aristotle, Plato)
 Voyages of Discovery
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1215 A.D.- Magna Carta
King John recognizes rights of
barons, “bill of rights”
Scholasticism
Intellectual Movement of the late 13th –
14th Centuries
 Based on the work of theologian, Thomas
Aquinas
– “Dumb Ox” = ugly, fat, slow in speech but
VERY smart!
– Wrote more than 80 works assimilating
ancient knowledge (Aristotle, Plato) with
medieval Christianity – Summa Theologica
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A marriage of faith and reason
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Developed within the early medieval
universities of Europe
– Began as educational guilds
– 1st University: Bologna, Italy
 Other examples: Oxford(England), Sorbonne
(Paris)
– Taught in lecture form, no exams until you
applied for your degree – final oral exam
 Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Arithmetic, Geometry,
Music, Astronomy
What does Aquinas reveal to us
about the Medieval world view?

Answer on your document you received
yesterday.
Disasters of the
Century
th
14
Babylonian Captivity
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First things: Roman Catholic
Church hierarchy
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Priests/monks
Bishops/abbots
Archbishops
(Cardinals)
Pope (Bishop of Rome)
Pope’s political position
– Ruler of Papal States
– Needed to maintain armies to
hold position
– Often threatened by Germanic,
French, and Italian city-states
Move to Avignon
Ostensibly, Roman patrician families
battling for influence deposed Pope
Boniface VIII
 Influence of French cardinals caused
election of Clement V, a Frenchman.
 Clement V elected to reside in Avignon
 Perception was that the popes made
decisions at behest of King of France
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Critics
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England, at war with
France, resented papal
judgments on behalf of
France
Marsiglio of Padua
– Defensor Pacis
– 1st to write for a separation
of church and state
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William of Ockham
– Ockham’s Razor
– Accused Pope John XXII of
heresy
Papacy restored to Rome
Catherine of Siena intervened, pleading for papal return
to Rome
 Great Western Schism of 1378-1417
 Rise of Conciliar Movement
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100 Year’s War (1337-1453)
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Major Players:
– England: Edward III, Edward the Black Prince,
Henry IV, Henry V
– France: Philip (Phillippe) VI of Valois
– Flanders: sought independence from French
rule; early role in the war
– Burgundy: rival for control of France; aided
Henry V; eventually a Hapsburg possession
Major territorial gains
1328: Pre-war land
status
 1382: English losses
reason for overthrow
of Richard II
 1430: Henry V of
England allied with
Burgundians
 1470: Post-war
situation
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Major Battles and Happenings
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Battles:
– Crecy: longbow > cavalry
– Poitiers: Black Prince
– Agincourt: Heroic win for
Henry V
– Orleans: Joan of Arc
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Black Death: 1356-9
Peasant’s Revolt: 1381
Babylonian Captivity of
the Papacy: 1305-1378
Where have you heard this
before?
1,2 Buckle my shoe
3,4 Shut the door
5,6 Pick up sticks
7,8 Lay them straight
9,10 A big fat hen
11, 12 Dig & Delve
13, 14 Maids Courting
15,16 Maids in Kitchen
17,18 Maids in Waiting
19,20 My bed’s Empty
Black Death
Not quite known exact origins or nature of
disease, even today
 Bubonic plague / anthrax combination?
 Thought to be spread by rats
 Caused the death of 33% to 50% of Europe
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Reactions to the Black Death
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What are the two
main reactions to
tragedy?
– Decameron,
Boccaccio
How would a
worldwide plague
affect the world
today?
 Who benefits from
such a plague?
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