Transcript The Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle
Ages
Pages 400-405
The Byzantine Empire IN: 6.1.5
Eastern Roman Empire
• Emperor Justinian’s Rule
• Had absolute power
• Organized Roman law into code-Justinian’s Code
• 1100s these laws helped kings in western Europe unify their power
• Remain laws in many countries today
• Byzantine Christianity
• The pope claimed the power to lead all Christians
• A New Alphabet
• Cyrillic alphabet-created by Cyril and Methodius
Christianity Splits-The Byzantine Empire Falls
IN: 6.1.5
• Christianity Splits
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Eastern Church-rejects the pope’s authority as leader of all Christians
Church went through an official schism or split
Byzantine church-Eastern, Greek Orthodox church
Western church-Roman Catholic
• Empire Falls
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After the split or schism of the church
Arabs conquered most of Byzantine Empire-Muslims
Ottoman Turks captures Constantinople-change name to Istanbul
Islam introduced, center of Muslim culture
Creation of Kingdoms
• 450 CE Germanic tribes had taken control of the Western Roman
Empire
• Visigoths settled in Spain
• Anglo-Saxons-Britain
• Franks-Gaul (present day France and Belgium)
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Charlemagne became king of the Franks from 742-814
Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800
After his death-the empire was divided between his sons
Lands became the modern countries of France and Germany
Feudalism IN: 6.1.6
In the MA, warriors took control of most of the land, offered protection
to peasants and pledged loyalty to the tribal leader called a lord or
king.
Feudalism-The Medieval way of life The roles of . . .
• King-provides $, recruits army, gives land to his many lords
• Lords-protect kings, manage his lands
• Knights-protect lords and kings (given land in return)
• Peasants-work the land
Manorialism
The relationship between lords or knights and peasants
The center was a manor-included castle, farmland, pastures, peasants
and a village
• Peasants known a serfs worked the land (not slaves)
• Manors supplied all the food, clothing and shelter needed
• Wife of a lord was called a lady
• A capable wife-primary source pages 406-407
High and Late Middle Ages
Pages 408-416
The Crusades-Holy War/Muslims in Spain
IN: 6.1.7
• 1095-Pope Urban II urged knights to free the holy land of Muslims
• Jerusalem where Jesus lived and taught
• 1096 Christians captured Jerusalem in the 1st and only successful
crusade
• By 1186, Muslim leader Saladin recaptured Jerusalem
• By 718, Muslims conquered Spain
• Made advances in math and medicine
• Studied Greeks and Romans
• Corboda became center of Muslim culture
Changes brought on by the Crusades
IN: 6.1.7 and 6.1.9
• Returning Crusaders increased trade.
• Brought back spices and fabrics from the east.
The Rise of Cities
• Improved farming-better food supply
• Technology develops-clocks, eyeglasses, armor, cannons
• Venice, Florence, Genoa and Naples become important trade cities
• Merchants, craftspeople form guilds-an association of people who
have a common livelihood.
The Reconquista IN: 6.1.12
• The reconquering of Spain by Christians
• 1000s Christians began taking land back from Muslims
• 1469 Ferdinand of Aragon, Isabella of Castile marry, unite Spain
• Inquisition –a church court set up to punish people who practiced other religions other
than Christianity
• Jews and Muslims where burned at the stake
• 150, Jews and Muslims fled Spain
Magna Carta IN: 6.2.2
Limiting the King of England’s Power
• During the 1200s, King John demanded large amounts of money, set
severe penalties for minor crimes without consulting the lords.
• Stated the law, not the king has ultimate power
• King John forced to sign Magna Carta, limiting his power leading
England to a more democratic government
• Magna Carta is the basis of the U.S. Constitution
Magna Carta 1215
Hundred Years’ War
• 1337-1453
• War between the kingdoms of France and England
• 1428, England took over northern France
• Joan of Arc, French peasant girl claimed she was told by God to lead
the French troops, led them to victory
• New weapons-armor piercing arrows, cannons that could destroy
castle walls making knights and castles less effective.
• French win the war
The Black Death IN 6.1.8
Famine Strikes
• 1315 bad weather causes a poor harvest
• 10 to 15 percent of the population dies by 1317
The Black Death Arrives
• 1347 epidemic begins-Bubonic plague
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Victims suffer swelling and extreme pain
Died within a matter of days
25 million people died from the plague
Labor shortage
People began to have doubts about the church
End of the Medieval Europe
Why?
• Black Death killed many of the peasants that worked the Manors
• Peasants who lived moved to the cities for better pay
• Feudal lords could not defend themselves against new weapons