Transcript Medival-Rennaissance SC

 Rome was the most
powerful empire the
world had ever seen.
 Its architecture was
______________ and
its road system was as
impressive as that of
the Inca in S.
America
Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E.
 Rome had a
__________________
__________________
sometimes
 Rome had a senate
where patricians
could represent
people
 It means nobody is
above the law, not the
king, not the senate,
not the people, not the
police.
 ______________ are
written down and must
be respected
 ______________ was
besieged by various
tribes from modern
day Germany and
France.
Although the fall of the Roman
Empire did not happen
overnight, many consider its fall
the beginning of the Middle
Ages or Dark Ages.
 A world without background noise: no factories, no
engines, no traffic… nature in the countryside along with
the church bells were the “noise makers”.
 ________________ (Greece and Rome)
500 B.C.- 600 A.D.
 ________________ (time of knights
and castles) 500 A.D. – 1500 A.D.
 ________________________ (time of
powerful kings and exploration) 1500
A.D. – 1776 A.D.
Medieval: the period between _____________________ (476 AD)
and ______________________________ (14th Century)
Characteristics of Medieval Society:
 Unified church
 Limited _______________________________
 A very religious and closed society – Christianity dominated
 Low level technology
 Primitive science
 The growth of ____________
 Crusades in the Middle East (against Muslims predominantly)
 In 410 AD the Western Roman Empire collapsed and
the Germanic tribes that had destroyed it preferred to
use the Feudal System rather than the Roman system
of government
 Fragmentation of states – The ____________________
in Europe caused a collection of hundreds of states
each ruled by small lords and nobility.
 People were isolated and lived mostly ______________
life living from day to day for survival.
The Gothic interpretation of
this point of view was a
monument that seems to
_________ the man who
enters it, for space, light,
structure and the plastic
effects of the masonry are
organized to produce a
visionary scale.
 The strong empires of Rome and Greece that protected
trade routes and encouraged science and personal
liberties were fading away.
 The Roman empire not only had to fight the plague
but fight invaders from Europe and Asia.
or safety and for defense, people in the Middle Ages formed small
communities around a central lord or master. Most people lived on a
manor, which consisted of the castle, the church, the village, and the
surrounding farm land. These manors were isolated, with occasional
visits from peddlers, pilgrims on their way to the Crusades, or
soldiers from other fiefdoms.
Why do you think everyone chose to be isolated?
 Plague was a constant problem in Europe between the
1300s and 1700s claiming entire towns. Illness would
claim _________ of children before the age of one and
_______ of children would die before the age of 20.
 _____________ – seemingly endless conflicts, such as
the 100 years war between France and England, made
life difficult for the rules of states as well as for the
peasantry.
 Medieval interest in the human
body was ____________. The
internal organs were not
differentiated.
 Medieval people lived in an
environment of fear and
insecurity that limited their
awareness and potential for
independent thinking.
 Challenged by: bandits, Viking
raids, plague, famine,
anarchy… man was feeble,
God was great.
 Water Wheel
 Eyeglasses
 Mechanical Clock
 Printing
 Gunpowder
 Invented in Pisa 13th century
 By 15th century Italy making thousands spectacles
 Eyeglasses encouraged invention of fine instruments
 ________________
 Fine wheel cutters
 Precision tools
 Undermined Church authority
 equal hours for day and night a new
concept
 ______________________ by the
church for a century
 Every town wanted one. WHY?
 Public clocks installed in towers
 Conquerors seized as spoils of
war. WHY?
 Allowed individual autonomy
 Work now measured by time

Bern, Switzerland
increased productivity
 Europeans improved
gunpowder to siege
castles
 Europeans focused on
range and weight of
projectiles: siege warfare
 With improved metal
casting, made world’s
best cannon
 Built on _______________
 New ideas were _____________
 i.e. Duns Scotus (‘Dunce”)
 William of Ockham
 ‘Okham’s Razor’ – “the principle that facts should be
interpreted with a minimum of explanatory causes”…
separates reason from faith… opening the door to science
 Period of witchcraft
 Social structure dictated by
_________________________…. Serfs run by masters…
Men rule women, Church rules people
 Punishment of crimes: hanging, mutilation, amputation.
 Historiography was dictated by males, often priests or
monks… most events explained by the “will of God”.
 The Roman Empire fell due to outside
attacks and disease (brought on by
trade)
 The Middle Ages began as the Church
replaced governments as the central
authority.
The Course of the Black Death in Fourteenth-Century
Europe
Ring around the Rosie
A pocket full of posies
Ashes Ashes
We all fall down
 "Ring around the Rosie” a red mark, supposedly the first
sign of the plague "A pocket full of posies” sachets of
herbs carried to ward off infection "Ashes, ashes"  the
cremation of plague victims Sometimes line three is
rendered as "Atischoo, atischoo” sneezing, another sign
of infection. "We all fall down." -- The Plague was not
selective in its victims; both rich and poor, young and old,
succumbed.
 Began in Asia… spread with speed due to increasing trade
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and travel.
Social impact in many cases was panic, to wild
debauchery as the end neared.
Church suffered from loss of their flock to death and
disillusionment
It is argued that 1 in 3 people died in Europe
Blame ranged from God to Jews to lepers.
 Demise of the feudal economy, end of feudal era
 Feudalism only works when there are a lot of workers.
 Workers could demand better treatment and payments
 Serfs became free peasants
 Being free had its price, no longer a contractual relationship
that offered protection from people attacking lands
 The plague had given scholars a lot to think about