Transcript Comparing Post Classical E and W Europe

Europe between
600 and 1450
Ch 10 in Strayer’s Ways of the World
United or Divided? The Roman Empire Strikes Back
Europe after the fall of
the Roman Empire in 476
What’s going on in Europe, East Asia, Middle East, the Americas and Africa during this time?
Byzantine Empire
330 - 1453
Constantine moves capitol to East - Ottomans sack
Constantinople
• Politically •
•
•
centralized under an Emperor who ruled through his
bureaucracy
strong army, navy and merchant fleet
Emperor Justinian (r 527 - 565)
Charlemagne - King of the
Franks
Pope Crowned
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor:
Dec. 25, 800
Charlemagne’s Empire
Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843
Feudal kings were. . .
WEAK and
popes and nobles became
very powerful
Byzantine Economy
•
•
involved in long-distance trade
exported luxury products like jewelry purple dyes
and silk
• gold coins, the bezant, was a widely used
currency in Mediterranean trade
• negative effect of trade: Plague of Justinian 541542
Early Medieval Period
Collapse of
Charlemagne’s
Empire
+
Outside invasions =
Feudal Era
Study p 439 map
in your textbook.
Germanic Kingdoms are facing threat of invasions
by
Magyars, Vikings and Muslims
Feudalism
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system
based on loyalty and military service.
Manoralism = life in manors
The new economy of Western Europe = self-sufficient
farms
No trade in Western Europe Medieval Castle
medieval knights protect
serfs at work
Cultural
Achievements
Body of Civil Law
Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law) a/k/a
Justinian Code of Laws:
•
•
•
•
a collection of Roman laws
will be preserved and reintroduced to
Europe
Domed Buildings
it forms the basis of our laws
example: innocent until proven guilty
Hagia Sophia
Architectural Styles of Medieval
Europe
Romanesque
Medieval Castles
Gothic Cathedrals
Roman Catholic Church
Latin Church
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of
poverty, chastity, and
obedience.
provided schools for the children
of
the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of
war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy
books
and illuminate manuscripts.
monks missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St.
Boniface]
filled the power vacuum left
from the collapse of the
classical world.
An illuminated
manuscript
A medieval
monastery
Cyril and Methodius
Introduced Christianity to the Slavic people of Central Europe and
Russia.
Developed an alphabet based on Greek letters to write the Slavic
language This alphabet will become the Cyrillic alphabet used in
Russia.
Main points: Spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity and a writing
system base on Greek letters to Central Europe and Russia.
The Beginning of Russia
9th century:
Kiev, Russia along the
Dnieper River.
Vikings - Varangians.
Develops due to trade
between Scandinavia
and Byzantine Empire
along the Dnieper River.
What’s next for
Mongol rule of Russia
=
Russia?
Mongols invade Kievan
1200’s - 1400’s
Rus.
The Golden Horde.
Russian princes
allowed to stay in power
as long as they paid
tribute to the Mongol
ruler. Moscow princes
are in charge of
collecting tribute for the
Mongols.
They became vassals
Russian under the Tartar yoke
See map on p 439
in your textbook.
So. . . how did the Byzantine
Empire influence Russia?
1. Spread Christianity - Eastern Orthodox Christianity
a. use of icons in the church
Russian:
b. monasticism - or monastic life
2. Introduced a written alphabet
3. architectural style
Byzantine:
Meanwhile in Western Europe.
..
• Early Middle Ages 500 - 1000 - Feudalism
• High Middle Ages 1000 - 1200 - Transition
period - coming out of Feudalism
• Late Middle Ages 1200 - 1500 - Showing signs
of the early modern era.
Medieval Knights: vassals of the
lord
Code of Chivalry
Road to
Knighthood
Two Major European Events
The Great Schism 1054
Christianity Divides
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic Church
vs.
Greek Church
Western, Latin Church
Crusades begin 1095
Pope Urban II
Main impact of the Crusades: It will
spark European interest in the outside
world and a renewed interest in TRADE.
Bubonic
Plague
How did the Bubonic
Plague help speed up
the end of Feudalism in
Western Europe?
nobility
peasants
towns
monarchs
Something else that’s
new in Europe:
University of Bologna
University of Oxford
University of Toulouse
What’s next for Europe?
15th century:
• Rise of strong monarchs and nationstates in Western Europe: England,
Spain, France
• Weakening of the Catholic Church
• Renaissance in Italy
• Exploration and Colonization of the
Americas
Comp: East and West Europe 600-1450
•
From 600-1450 both Eastern and Western Europe were united under the banner of
Christianity even fighting together against the Seljuk Turks in the Crusades (except for the 4th
Crusades), however, Western Europe fell into a isolated state of feudalism developing military
relationships of land for protection against the Vikings, Magyars and Moors, while the
Byzantine would centralize an Empire from Constantinople which would serve as the
crossroads providing trade and laws (Justinian’s Code) wherever the Empire brought them.
Religion and politics, however saw kings and popes fighting over power of taxation laws and
land grants whilst the Byzantine Emperor Justinian declared himself head of the church and
the state with Caesaropapism.