Transcript Chapter 7: The Challenge of Christendom

CHAPTER 7: THE CHALLENGE
OF CHRISTENDOM
Church and Empire in Tension
(pgs. 124-146)
Two English Sources of Light

Boniface: The Apostle to the Germans
 Benedictine
Monk in England
 Left to do missionary work in the Netherlands = failure
 Went to pope for guidance, sent him to Germany
A
Wandering Bishop
 Working with the Frankish Government

Bede: The Historian-Monk
 Spent
entire life in same monastery
 Wrote explanations of Scriptures and sermons on religious
topics
Church and State Entangled

The Donation of Pepin: The Papal States


Pepin helped pope drive off Lombards, gave him territory
Charlemagne: A Return of the Roman Empire

Pepin’s son Charles organized part of Western Europe into a
Frankish kingdom
Conversion by the Sword
 An Emperor Again


Pope Leo III crowns him “Emperor to the Romans”
An Emphasis on Education
 Direction for the Church
 The Fate of the Empire

 For Review pg. 132
A Feudal Way of Life

A System for Defense
 The
Pyramid of Feudalism
 Serfs,
 Living
Conditions
 Lords

landlords/vassals, higher lords, king
and wealthy vassals lived in castles on their estates
The Feudal Monastery
 Church
had major role with bishops and abbots often
being powerful lords of feudal estates
 Church remained only constant and promised salvation
Other Peoples Turn Christian

The Vikings: Invaders from the Sea



“sea rovers” aka Norsemen (men from the north)
Invasion spurred feudalism
The Slavs: Lining Up with the Eastern and Western
Churches

A Need for Worship in Their Own Language



Slav state, Greater Moravia developed
Byzantine emperor sends Cyril and Methodius to live with Slavs;
devised Slavic alphabet
Other Slavic Peoples

Poland, Russia, Magyar
For Review pg. 141
Royal Pains for the Church

Conflicts of Church and State
East-Versus-West Tensions
 The Papacy Up for Grabs

Roman nobles control appointment of pope
 Pope John XII and King Otto I


Bishops and Abbots Indebted to Counts and Dukes


Simony: “buying” office of bishop
Cluny: A Creative Response to the Church-State
Dilemma

Duke begins new Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France,
independent of any control by local lord or secular ruler
 For Review pg. 144