Transcript History and Connections ppt

Foundations of
Social Media
RTV 453
Legacy media vs. new media
 Is Social Media a new form of media?
 Is Interactive Media a different new form of media?
 Is Cloud Computing related to where ‘digital media’ is going?
 Will there be newspapers in 50 years?
 Radio? TV channels? Movies? Plays being performed?
 Will the ‘marketplace of goods’ be replaced by ‘information
exchange’?
 Will ‘high culture’ disappear?
What is Social Media?
 Origin of computers (next pages)
 Abacus, analytical engine (1800s), electronic computing (1900s)
 Origin of the Internet
 Sputnik, Pentagon / ARPA, legislation, hardware & software
 Origin of personal computers (1960s-70s)
 Next page
 Virtual realities?
 Change from tool for calculating to tool for communicating
 We cover this history in RTV 151, BUT…
History of Computers - Long, Long Ago
 beads on rods to count and calculate!
History of Computers - Way Back When
Slide Rule 1630
based on Napier’s rules for logarithms
used until 1970s
History of Computers - 19th Century
 Joseph Marie Jacquard
 First stored program - metal
cards
 Did no computing
 first computer
manufacturing
 still in use
Charles Babbage - 1792-1871
 Difference Engine c.1822
 huge calculator, never finished
 Analytical Engine 1833
 could store numbers
 calculating “mill” used punched
metal cards for instructions
 powered by steam!
 accurate to six decimal places
 Inspiration for Herman Hollerith
for 1890 census
Vacuum Tubes
 First Generation Electronic
Computers used Vacuum Tubes
 Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with
circuits inside.
 Vacuum tubes have no air inside of
them, which protects the circuitry.
UNIVAC – 1950-51 – ‘1st Generation’
 first fully electronic digital
computer built in the U.S.
 Created at the University of
Pennsylvania
 contained 18,000 vacuum
tubes
 Cost $487,000
 ENIAC that preceded it (late
1940s) weighed 30 tons
Grace Hopper (1906-1992)
 Programmed UNIVAC
 Recipient of Computer
Science’s first “Man of the
Year Award”
 First compiler for a computer
programming language, led
to COBOL
First Transistor
 Used Silicon (semiconductor)
 developed in 1948
 won a Nobel prize
 on-off switch
 2nd Generation Computers
used Transistors, starting in
1956
Second Generation – 1965-1963
 1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors
 Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors
 Beginning process of making computers smaller
 ‘transistor radios’ in the 1950 made music portable
Integrated Circuits
 Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).
 Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated
together into a single “chip”
 First one made by Texas Instruments in 1958
Third Generation – 1964-1971
 1964-1971
 Integrated Circuit
 Operating System
 Getting smaller, cheaper
The First Microprocessor – 1971
 The 4004 had 2,250
transistors
 four-bit chunks (four 1’s or
0’s)
 108Khz
 Called “Microchip”
What is a Microchip?
 Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC)
 Transistors, resistors, and capacitors
 4004 had
2,250 transistors
 Pentium IV had 42 MILLION transistors
 Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)
 By 2015, over 5.5 BILLION transistors, on Intel's 18-core Xeon
Haswell-EP.
4th Generation – began 1971
 MICROCHIPS!
 Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip
technology
Birth of Personal Computers - 1975
 256 byte memory (not
Kilobytes or Megabytes)
 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips
 Just a box with flashing
lights
 cost $395 kit, $495
assembled.
Henry Edward ‘Ed’ Roberts (1941-2010)
 Bill Gates and Paul Allen joined
MITS to develop software and
Altair BASIC was Microsoft's first
product.
 Roberts sold MITS in 1977 and
retired to Georgia where he
farmed, studied medicine and
eventually became a small-town
doctor living in Cochran, Georgia.
 ‘father of the personal computer’
Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer
has evolved rapidly.
Connections:
 Which evolved from the other, which was an entirely new
creation
 vacuum tube
 integrated circuit
 transistor
 microchip
Evolution of Computer Electronics
Microchip
(VLSIC)
Integrated
Circuit
Transistor
Vacuum
Tube
Evolution of Electronics
 Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage
 Transistor  Integrated Circuit  Microchip
 Another major development in recent years
 Flash memory
First Mass Market PC -- 1977
 Apple II
 Computer
 Floppy drives
 Monochrome
monitor
IBM PC - 1981
 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture
 First wide-selling personal computer used in
business
 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors
 4.77 Mhz processing speed
 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory)
standard
 One or two floppy disk drives
 Open architecture (except ROM BIOS)
Apple Computers
 Founded 1977
 Apple II released 1977
 widely used in schools
 Macintosh (left)
 released in 1984, Motorola 68000
Microchip processor
 first commercial computer with
graphical user interface (GUI) and
pointing device (mouse)
 First GUI: Xerox PARC
Today’s chips in PCs
 Traditionally Intel divides the Core platform into three
segments--Core i3 at the low end, Core i5 for the midrange,
and Core i7 at the high end.
 Following that designation is a model number. You may also
see a suffix at the end of the model number: K for unlocked
processors, S for “performance-optimized” processors, or T
for “power-optimized” processors.
21st Century Computing
 Great increases in speed, storage, and memory
 Increased networking (wired/wireless), speed in Internet
 Broadband growth
 Netbooks / iPad / tablets
 Smart Phones
 Impact of touch technology
 3G to 4G (3-5 Mbps / 8-10 Mbps) to 5G by 2020
What’s next for computers?
 Use your imagination to come up with what the
coming years hold for computers.
 What can we expect in two years?
 What can we expect in twenty years?
 Voice interface? (Google, Siri, IBM Watson)
 Cloud computing growth
 True ubiquity?
 Interface among almost all devices?
 Smart cars, smart electronics, etc.
 IoT – “Internet of Things”
What is Social Media?
 Fad or future?
 IPO Facebook failure
 Decline of Apple shares
 How do you pay the bills?
 How do you meet life’s basic needs?
 Media jobs: content creation, distribution, sales
 New media jobs? ??????
 …some Internet history...
Before the Internet rolled out
 Electronic Bulletin Boards
 CompuServe
 America Online
 The WELL
 Early ‘chat rooms’
 Hypertext
 Vannevar Bush first proposed the basics of hypertext in 1945
 Tim Berners-Lee et al in 1990: html, WWW
 Multimedia
The early web pages
 Public Relations extension
 Like a magazine (text and words)
 shovelware
Users (audience)
 Just like newspapers, magazines, radio TV …
 An audience (market) exists
 Are YOU trying to reach them with your
content?
 Or, is another company trying to reach them
based on this form of ‘content distribution’?
Components of the social media
 Chit-chat
 Sharing
 Commenting
 Wikis
 UGC
 Everyone has a voice
 Technologically-replaced intermediation (Second Life)
Predicting the future
 Anthropology and Sociology
 But what’s next?
 The Machine is Using Us
 The semantic web
 Ubiquitous instant communication
What got us here
 Broadband applied to all that went before
 Speed and storage
 Innovation and profit seeking
 Popular culture / ‘common person power’
 Steve Jobs and similar people
The major players (not just Facebook)
 Facebook
 Twitter
 LinkedIn
 YouTube
 Pinterest
 MySpace
##
Some of the others
 Bebo is a social networking site where
users receive a personal profile page to
post blogs, photos, music, videos and
questionnaires.
 Hi5 is a social networking site where
users can create a profile to showcase
their interests. Users can upload
pictures, play games, and more.
Others (cont.)
 Tagged is a social network where users can make profiles,
post pictures, chat and play games with friends and send
virtual 'gifts.'
 Multiply allowed users to share videos, photos (unlimited),
blogs as well as shop and sell in a large online marketplace.
Closed 2012
 Answers.com is a wiki Q&A combined with free online
dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias.
Others (cont.)
 Buzznet is a photo, journal, and video-sharing social media
network. Members participate in communities that are
created around ideas, events and interests.
 CafeMom is a community where moms come together to get
advice and support on topics like pregnancy, health, fashion,
food, entertainment, and more.
 IGN is an entertainment website that focuses on video
games, films, music and other media.
Others (cont.)
 IMVU is a social game and entertainment site where millions of
people meet, chat , play games and have fun.
 Netlog is a European youth-oriented online community available in
over 20 languages where users create profiles, join groups, post
blogs and media. Now connected with Twoo
 Reddit is a social news website where the registered users submit
content, in the form of either a link or a text post.
 BlackPlanet is a social networking site targeted to the African
American community with music, jobs, forums, chat, photos,
dating personals and groups.
Others (cont.)
 Kongregate is an online gaming site where users can upload
and play flash-based games, earn points and rewards for high
scores and discuss in user forums.
 Those are some of the Social Networks, then there are the
Blogging sites…
Blogging sites
 LiveJournal is a blogging platform/social network where
users keep a blog or journal, comment on friends' blogs and
join virtual communities.
 AOL Lifestream streams your updates in one place. You can
comment, like and update your Facebook, Twitter and
MySpace statuses.
 Blogger is a blog publishing service with many features
including geo-tagging and time-stamped entries for private
or multi-user blogs.
Blogging (cont.)
 Disqus is an online service which allows users to create a
profile for organizing and following their comments across
hundreds of websites.
 Posterous was a blogging platform designed primarily for
mobile users who wish to share blog posts, photos, video,
mp3s and connect with Twitter, Facebook etc. Close 2013.
 Tumblr is a blogging platform geared towards 'hip,' urban
youth. Posts are generally short, and might include videos,
quotations, pictures and links.
Blogging (cont.)
 WordPress is an open-sourced blog platform which provides users
with templates to utilize for on or offsite blogging.
 Xanga is a blogging community/social network where users can
blog, share photos, videos and audio and connect with fellow users.
 TypePad is a blogging service that shares technology with Movable
Type and is used by both tech-savvy and non-technical users.
 Wretch was a blogging community based in Taiwan. Although
available in English, Wretch was primarily geared towards Asian,
Chinese-speaking youth.Yahoo acquired 2007, closed 2013.
 TextAmerica was designed for ‘mobile blogging.’ Closed 2007.
And then photo sharing…
 Flickr is an image and video hosting website where users and
bloggers share, embed, and host photographs and images.
 Picasa is an image-organizing, photo-sharing site developed
by Google where users can upload and edit digital photos.
Acquired by Google in 2004, being closed in 2016.
 On Gravatar, users can register an account based on their
email address, and upload an avatar to be associated with the
account. Globally Recognized Avatar – great for WordPress.
 PictureTrail is a photo-sharing site which allows users to host
images and share photos via a user profiles.
Photo Sharing (cont.)
 deviantART is an online community showcasing varied forms
of user-made artwork and aims to provide a place for any
artist to exhibit and discuss works.
 Fotolog is a photoblog website where users share pictures
through online photo diaries or photo blogs.
 Instagram is a free photo sharing app which allows users to
take a photo, apply a digital filter to it, and then share it on
multiple social networking services.
Photo Sharing (cont.)
 PhotoBucket is a photo-sharing service which allows users
500MB of free space where they can host, share (i.e. on
MySpace), or keep their photos private.
 Behance is an online portfolio site for creative professionals
across multiple industries including photography, graphic
design, illustration, and fashion.
 Smugmug is a premium photo sharing site primarily used by
professional photographers.
The Music sites include…
 Jango is an internet radio station where users can create
their own stations and find other users with similar tastes.
 Pandora is an internet radio station created by the 'Music
Genome Project,' which automatically recommends and
plays music based on user's listening preferences.
 Lyrics.com is a searchable online database of song lyrics
where users can share favorite songs, create profiles and
make customizable playlists.
Music sites (cont.)
 Last.fm is a UK-based music recommendation service where
users can listen to music and discover new artists based on
personalized, automated recommendations.
 SoundCloud is a platform that puts your sound at the heart
of communities, websites and even apps. Watch
conversations, connections and social experiences happen,
with your sound as the spark.
 MOG is an online music and blog service. MOG offers on-
demand listening and has a library of over 10 million songs.
Closed 2014, succeeded by The Beats Music service.
And then Video sites…
 Vimeo is a video-sharing website where users can upload and
watch largely high-quality, HD videos and subscribe to user
channels.
 DailyMotion is a French video sharing service website where
users can find or upload videos about their interests.
 Flixster is a social movie site allowing users to share movie
ratings, discover new movies and meet others with similar
movie tastes.
Video sites (cont.)
 Hulu started as a free video uploading and sharing site
featuring copyrighted content then added a paid service.
 Justin.TV was an online broadcasting platform which
specializes in live streaming content. Users can broadcast live
feeds and chat in real time with audience. Closed 2014.
 Metacafe is a video-sharing network where users upload,
discuss, review entertaining short-form (90 seconds on
average) clips.
Video sites (cont.)
 Ustream.tv is a broadcasting platform which offers live,
streaming feeds (concerts, speeches, sporting events etc.)
along with interactive, user-generated content.
 Veoh is an Internet television website specializing in network
television and movie content, along with independent
productions and user-generated videos.
 YouTube (duh…) is a video-sharing website where users can
upload and watch videos, subscribe to user channels and
leave comments.
Video sites (cont.)
 Break was a humor website targeted to males aged 18-35
that features comedy videos and flash games. In 2013, Break
Media merged with Alloy Digital to create Defy Media.
 CNN IReport accepts video, photos and audio from a
computer or cell phone. A compilation of news items
submitted by citizen journalism. Re-defined approach for
content in 2015 because of being beaten by social media.
 (others from legacy media?)
Then there’s online shopping
 Early 1990s Internet start-ups vs. ‘bricks and mortar stores’
grocery deliver, per stores, clothing stores –”dotcom bust” 2001.
 Amazon is America's largest online retailer. Their product lines
include books, music, electronics, home goods, clothing, and
everything in between.
 eBay is an online auction and shopping website in which people
and businesses buy and sell a wide variety of goods and services
worldwide.
 Etsy is an ecommerce website which focuses on the selling of
handmade and vintage items, and arts and crafts supplies.
Shopping (more)
 Epinions.com offers reviews about a variety of items to help
readers decide on purchases. Readers can join to write reviews and
earn money. Discontinued 2014.
 Kaboodle is an online shopping/social network site where users can
discuss, recommend and share products with other users. Closed
2015 – alternate is Gifster
 ThisNext is a community of shoppers that share new and unique
products and trends with the public.
 Zazzle is an online retailer where users can sell their own self-
designed merchandise or buy merchandise from other users.
Typical items include t-shirts and posters.
And, Location / Review sites …
 Foursquare is a location-based social networking site where users
can 'check-in' at vicinities with mobile devices.
 Formspring was a questions and answers site that allows users to
set up a profile page from which anyone can ask them questions
and post comment. Became Spring.me then in 2015 became a
portal of Twoo.com
 Upcoming is an event calendar website where users can research
or receive notifications of upcoming events (concerts, festivals etc.)
and coordinate plans with friends. In 2005, Upcoming.org was
acquired by Yahoo, then retired in 2o13.
 In May 2014, original develop Andy Baio announced a Kickstarter
campaign to relaunch the site, successfully raising the $30,000
goal.[5]
Location / review …
 Urbanspoon is a service where users can review and
recommend restaurants, share pictures of food and even
make dining reservations.
 Citysearch is an online city guide that provides information
about U.S. businesses in the areas of dining, entertainment,
retail, travel, and professional services.
 Delicious is a social bookmarking service for saving,
organizing and sharing personal bookmarks. It is also used to
discover the newest and most popular bookmarks.
Location / Review …
 Eventful aims to help users search for, track, and share
information about events. Users can also create calendars
through the service. Owned by CBS
 Pinterest is an online pinboard. Organize and share things
you love.
 StumbleUpon is a 'discovery engine,' which recommends
random websites, videos, photos etc. based on user taste and
preferences.
Location / Review …
 TripAdvisor is the web's largest travel review website, which allows
users to make travel plans (i.e. book flights/hotels) and write
reviews of hotels, restaurants etc.
 Zillow is a real estate database which allows home buyers, sellers,
renters and real estate agents to compare or appraise
home/property/mortgage values. (Trulia too)
 Menuism is a service for foodies and food lovers that offers
restaurant reviews, individual dish reviews, restaurant menus and
locations, and a social networking feature.
 Topix is an online community where users can comment on
aggregated news articles and discuss local and national events with
each other.
Dating
 Match.com is a popular online dating network which allows
users to create profiles and meet like-minded singles looking
for love.
 OKCupid is a free online dating network where singles can
message, share blogs and photos and find compatible users
through member-created quizzes.
 PlentyOfFish is an online dating site where singles can take
personality tests and find compatible mates.
 …FarmersOnly.com ... 
Other…
 GitHub is a Git hosting site that helps users manage software
development projects. It also offers free public repositories,
issue tracking, code review and more.
 SourceForge acts as a management system for software
developers to regulate open source software development
and projects.
And what else?
 How are you using social media?
 How are people making money using social media?
 How are you spending money that’s connected to social media?
 How are your relationships with others changing?
 How are your relationships with products and services changing?
 eCommerce chapter covers the economic side of all these things.
 ###