Transcript Computer Revolution - ODU Computer Science

Computer Revolution
Module 1
Section 4
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Early Calculating Machines
• Abacus
• Slide rule
• Mechanical calculator
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Early Calculating Machines
• Stepped reckoner
• Textile industry – Jacquard Loom
• Difference engine
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Early Calculating Machines
through those of today
• Analytical engine
• The 1890 Census machine
• ENIAC
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1st Generation 1945-1959
• Made to order operating
instructions
• Different binary coded programs
told it how to operate
• Difficult to program and limited
versatility and speed
• Vacuum tubes
• Magnetic drum storage
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2nd Generation 1959-1963
• Transistors
• Memory – magnetic core
• Assembly language
• Printers and memory
• Programming languages
• Careers
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3rd Generation 1964-1971
• Quartz clock
• Integrated circuit
• Operating systems
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4th Generation 1971 – 1984
• LSI – Large Scale Integration
• VLSI – Very Large Scale
Integration
• Chip
• General consumer usage
• Networks
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5th Generation 1984 – 1990
• Parallel processing
• Multi-processing
• Chip advancement
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6th Generation 1990 – now
• This is the future
• What new advancements lie
ahead?
• What changes will be big enough
to create this new generation?
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Pioneers of Computing
• Charles Babbage
• Konrad Zuse
• John von Neumann
• Alan Turing
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Important Machines
• IBM 650 introduced in 1953
• IBM 7090 first 2nd Generation computer
• Texas Instruments and Fairchild
semiconductor both announce the
integrated circuit in 1959
• DEC PDP 8 the first microcomputer sold for
$18,000 in 1963
• IBM 360 introduced in 1964, used
integrated circuits
• 1968 Intel is established by Robert Noyce,
Grove, and Moore
• 1970 floppy disk introduced
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Important Machines
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Intel’s 8008 and 8080
DEC PDP 11/45
Jobs and Wozniak build the Apple I
DEC VAX 11/780
Motorolla 68000
IBM PC
Compaq IBM-compatible PC
Sony and Phillips CD-ROM
Next computer by Steve Jobs
DEC 64-bit RISC alpha
Intel’s Pentium
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Taxonomy of Computers
• Mainframes
• Super computers
• Microprocessors
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Wirth’s Law
• The software gets slower faster
than the hardware gets faster
• What does this mean?
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References
Computer Laws
http://www.sysprog.net/quotlaws.html
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