Transcript CS101 Lecture 2

CS101 Four Concepts
Four Important Concepts
Concept 1: Computers are stupid!
However, they are getting smarter!
Cognitive Computing
Concept 2: To be a computer a
device must do four things.
• Input Information
– Input Devices
• Process Information
– Processor
• Output Information
– Output Devices
• Store Information
– Storage Devices
When was first computer
invented?
Who is this?
Concept 3: Information needs to be
in form of zeros and ones for a
computer to process it.
• Information must be in the form of zeros and ones
because the processor is make up of switches.
– Intel and Advanced Micro Devices are the two types of
processors found in most personal computers
• Switches in processor have two states: On and Off
•
Off = 0
On = 1
Four Generation of Processors
When they figure out how to make
processors in a different way that
makes the processors faster,
cheaper, smaller, and more reliable
a new generation of processors is
born.
What are these things?
A) Stuff almost as old
as the teacher
B) Old fashion bullets
C) Vacuum tubes
D) Something
floating around in
“Finding Nemo”
• First Generation 1939 –1944
– Vacuum tubes
• Second Generation 1945 –1957
– Transistors
• Third Generation 1958 – 1970
– Integrated Circuit
• Forth Generation = 1971 -?
– Silicon Microprocessor
Fifth Generation?
• http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/26/singl
e-molecule-transistor/#continued
Under 70 years from..
• 18,000 switches in a room,
failure every day, 120,000
watts, 3 computers in the
world
To
• Billions of switches on
multicore chips, failures are
rare, 10 - 25 watts, hundreds
of processors in your daily
life.