Transcript cs.kennesaw.edu

Chip Multiprocessors
Collin Argo, Matthew Brown, Weston Ford
● Multiple processor cores on same
integrated circuit die
● Each core executes independently
● More effective than larger uniprocessors
Problems With Uniprocessors
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Pipelining has diminishing returns
Usable parallelism limited
Need more transistors
POWER: <1W ---> +100W
Heat
Solution: Chip Multiprocessors
● Does not require significant processor
redesign
● System boards more similar across
generations
● Families of processors engineered together
● Standards
History of Multiprocessors
● First dual core system was made by
Rockwell International (1984), the
R65C29 with dual CMOS R6502 CPUs.
o Uniprocessors still more cost effective at
the time
● Around the 2000s, Intel and AMD have
been developing more.
Benefits
● Speed boost
● Multithreading
● Parallel programming
Example of Multithreading
● Microsoft Word’s Spellchecking
o Early versions of MS Word:
 Write document, press spellcheck, resume
writing
o Current Versions utilizing multiple threads
 One thread for writing to document, one thread
for real-time spellchecking
Parallel Processing
● Idea that a large problem can be broken
into smaller problems
o Each of the smaller problems is then worked
on, all at once
● Results in faster computation times
● Made easily available due to
multiprocessors
Common Multicore Systems
● Today most, if not all, consumer
computers have multiprocessors (PC,
Mac, etc. All share a common chipset,
usually Intel or AMD).
● Processors easily varied to function at
different price and performance points
Future Development
● More parallelism
o Software
o Hardware
● More cores to a single die
● Microprocessors get smaller and faster
Phone Processors
● Now smartphones have multiprocessors.
● Newer Samsung phones will have
hexacore and octacore processors.
● Orders of magnitude more processing
power than the Apollo 11 Guidance
Computer in the palm of your hand
o Typically used to look at pictures of cats
Sources
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http://academic.udayton.edu/scottschneider/courses/ECT466/Course%20Notes/LSN%204%20-%20Instructionlevel%20Parallelism/Chip%20Multiprocessor%20Architecture%20%20Tips%20to%20Improve%20Throughput%20and%20Latency.pdf
http://www.chipdb.org/data/media/1051/Rockwell_R6502-40_cz.jpg
http://ark.intel.com/products/64899/Intel-Core-i7-3610QM-Processor-6M-Cache-up-to-3_30-GHz
http://www.samsung.com/in/consumer/mobile-devices/smartphones/others/SM-C1110ZBAINU
https://www.mobigyaan.com/images/stories/Miscellaneous/dual_core.jpg
http://cache4.asset-cache.net/xc/493710175.jpg?v=2&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=4euwCtbYZa5CC6yfmGwC_5MlvJYeLnX5U_3flMsbYqvUZA8DLrSeMgDyuqz18230
http://www.datasheetarchive.com/dl/Scans-055/DSAIH000103824.pdf
Clint Schow, Fuad Doany, Jeffrey Kash. "Get on the Optical Bus." Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
<http://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/optoelectronics/get-on-the-optical-bus>.
"Page 3 - The Death of CPU Scaling: From One Core to Many — and Why We’re Still Stuck | ExtremeTech." ExtremeTech.
Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <http://www.extremetech.com/computing/116561-the-death-of-cpu-scaling-from-one-core-tomany-and-why-were-still-stuck/3>.
http://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_future_of_multicore_computing_and_processors