Transcript Ch 13 Africa and Indiax

Chapter 13: Tropical Africa and
Asia
Warm Up Chapter 12
1. What Mongol empire was in Russia?
2. What Mongol empire was in modern day Iran?
3. Where does the Ming dynasty first establish their
capital? Why?
4. Who was Zeng He? Impact?
5. Kublai Khan established what empire?
6. 2 achievements of Yi dynasty:
7. Why are the Europeans closed off from China?
8. Name 2 Ming achievements:
9. Shoguns vs. Samurai:
• I. Tropical Lands and Peoples
– A. The Tropical Environment
– Afro-Asian tropics cycle of rainy and dry seasons
– Different environments: coastal West Africa, arid
southwest Africa, Sahara, rivers and valleys
– B. Water Systems and Irrigation
– Slash and burn agriculture: farmers abandon their
fields every few years and cleared new areas by
cutting and burning vegetation
– Construction of dams, canals, and reservoirs
– In India these water projects helped but were always
vulnerable to natural disasters like monsoons
– C. Mineral Resources
– Iron, copper, and gold:
– Iron was used for tools, weapons, and needles
– Copper was used for wire and decorations
– Gold was abundant in Africa and had many purposes
– Metalworking and food producing systems produce
surplus creating profit
– Elite class comes because of work of ordinary people
• II. New Islamic Empires
– A. Mali in Western Sudan
– Islam was spread through Africa by commercial
contact and trading
– 1240 the Mali kingdom arises prospering through
trade in Africa and control of gold mines
– Mansa Kankan Musa (1312-1337) made a pilgrimage
to Mecca and established mosques and Quranic
schools
– Much of the wealth of the empire came from the
taxation of the gold-salt trade
– Mali kept order along the trade routes by using a
large army
– Converted to Islam and their famous ruler Mansa
Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca
• Brought Mali to the attention of the Europeans
– Exports: gold and salt
– Famous trading city of Timbuktu
– Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca
• Musa made his pilgrimage in 1324, his procession reported to include 60,000
men, 12,000 slaves, heralds dressed in silks who bore gold staffs, organized
horses and handled bags. Musa provided all necessities for the procession,
feeding the entire company of men and animals.[7] Also in the train were 80
camels, which varying reports claim carried between 50 and 300 pounds of gold
dust each. Musa not only gave to the cities he passed on the way to Mecca,
including Cairo and Medina, but also traded gold for souvenirs. Furthermore, it
has been recorded that he built a mosque each and every Friday.
• Musa's journey was documented by several eyewitnesses along his route, who
were in awe of his wealth and extensive procession, and records exist in a variety
of sources, including journals, oral accounts and histories. Musa is known to have
visited with the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt in July of 1324.[8]
• Musa's generous actions, however, inadvertently devastated the economy of the
region. In the cities of Cairo, Medina and Mecca, the sudden influx of gold
devalued the metal for the next decade. Prices on goods and wares super inflated
in an attempt to adjust to the newfound wealth that was spreading throughout
local populations. To rectify the gold market, Musa borrowed all the gold he could
carry from money-lenders in Cairo, at high interest. This is the only time recorded
in history that one man directly controlled the price of gold in the
Mediterranean.[9]
– Ibn Battuta:
– Voyages of Muhammad ibn Battuta was to explore
the Islamic world
– Traveled through Central Asia, Spain, and Southeast
Africa
– His journeys gave valuable information about
geography and people of Africa
– Ibn Battuta traveled through East Africa in merchant
ships and through West Africa through caravans
• He travelled more than 75,000 miles (121,000 km), a
figure unsurpassed by any individual traveller until the
coming of the Steam Age some 450 years later.[1]
• I left Tangier, my birthplace, on Thursday, 2nd Rajab 725
[June 14, 1325], being at that time twenty-two years of
age [22 lunar years; 21 and 4 months by solar reckoning],
with the intention of making the Pilgrimage to the Holy
House [at Mecca] and the Tomb of the Prophet [at
Medina].
• I set out alone, finding no companion to cheer the way
with friendly intercourse, and no party of travellers with
whom to associate myself. Swayed by an overmastering
impulse within me, and a long-cherished desire to visit
those glorious sanctuaries, I resolved to quit all my friends
and tear myself away from my home. As my parents were
still alive, it weighed grievously upon me to part from
them, and both they and I were afflicted with sorrow.
– B. Delhi in India
– Between 1206-1236 Muslims invaded India and
established Delhi as their Muslim capital
– Conquered by using strong crossbows on horseback
– Muslim rulers then came and peacefully ruled India
however there was always tension (schism) between
Hindu and Muslim in India
– “The city of Delhi and its vicinity was freed from
idols and idol worship, and in the sanctuaries of the
images of the Hindu Gods, mosques were raised by
the worshippers of one God.”
– 1398 Timur sacked Delhi
• Delhi
– Sultanate Raziya was a great
ruler and monarch
– She instilled religious
tolerance toward Hindus in
India
– She was one of the few
sultanates to rule not by
terror
– Quote on page 364
thoughts…
– Most Delhi Sultans ruled by
terror and were a burden to
their people
• III. Indian Ocean Trade
– A. Monsoon Mariners
– Indian Ocean trade increased between 1200 and
1500
– Faster and can carry more
– Chinese and southeast Asian Junks could carry up to
1000 tons of goods
– Indian dhows carried along the East African coast
and could carry 400 tons of goods
– People had to move to sea trade because the land
trade to the Asian countries was cut off by the
Ottoman Empire
• B. Africa: Swahili
Coast and Zimbabwe
• 40 cities on the
African coast
participated in trade
• Swahili coast of Africa
exported gold in the
capital of Great
Zimbabwe
• Economy of Great
Zimbabwe was
agriculture and trade
– Exporters of Gold made money however it opened
the door to European greed seeing how much gold
is really in Africa
– Great Zimbabwe falls because of deforestation and
overgrazing
– C. India: Gujarat and the Malabar Coast
– Red Sea exported wheat
– Muslims controlled trade along Red Sea
– India (Gujarat) traded cotton textiles, leather goods,
carpet, spices, and silk
– Dominated by the Muslims
– Southeast Asian traded was dominated by Chinese
pirates and the Ming dynasty conquered the pirates
– Muslim leader of Malacca made it a great trading
port
– Muslims dominate the Strait of Malacca
• IV. Social and Cultural Change
• A. Architecture, Religion
– Ethiopian churches/mosques are carved from solid
rock pg. 373
– In the Indian city of Ahmadabad Hindu-Muslim
mosques were erected in 1423.
– Islam brought education to Africa and Arabic literacy
– Islam brought Greek science, math, and medicine to
Africa and India
– The southern half of Africa developed states more slowly and
most of the people lived in stateless societies until the 11th
century CE
– Stateless society is a group of independent villages organized
by clans and led by a local ruler or clan head
– B. Gender and Hierarchy
– Gap between commoners and elite widened because of the
Indian Ocean trade
– Slavery increased in Africa and India. Between 1200 and
1500 estimated 2.5 million slaves traded
– Slaves were skill specific (copper mining, household, military,
entertainers)
– Indian women had arranged marriages
– Status was dependent upon their husbands status
WRITING PROMPT
½ page explaining the difference in transfusion of
Islam in India and Africa