Transcript The Islamic World

The Islamic World
570 A.D. – 1250 A.D.
Arabia
 Arabian
peninsula
is mostly a harsh
desert, with little
water
Arabia (cont)
 Arabs
were nomadic herders
 Leader
of tribe was the sheik
 Later became caravan traders
Origin of Islam
 Arabs
were polytheistic
 Believed they descended from
Abraham
 His
son, Ishmael, built a temple in Mecca
 The
cornerstone of the Kaaba is called the
black stone
Origins (cont)
 Muhammad
 Prophet,
(570 A.D.-632 A.D.)
who received
visions from the angel
Jibreel (Gabriel)
 Taught that there was
one God, Allah
 Destroyed the idols in
the Kaaba and
rededicated to Allah
Islamic Faith
 There
is one God, Allah
 Qur’an is the holy book of Islam
 Muslims worship in Mosques
as equal to the prophets
It says to accept them.
a belief in one God
Islamic Faith (cont)
Spread of Islam
 Easy
to learn and practice
 No priesthood
 Teaches equality
 Easily “portable”  nomads &
trade routes
Spread of Islam (cont)
 Jihad
means to strive or struggle
 Military
extension of Islam
 Only warfare permitted
 Some Muslims believe this is the
“sixth pillar”
Spread of Islam (cont)
 Within
100 years of Muhammad’s
death, Islam spread throughout the
Middle East and Africa
 The
Moors controlled Spain
 The Turks later controlled much of
Asia Minor and part of India
500 years
the Umayyad dynasty
A.D.
680
The Divide

When the third caliph’s successor was
murdered a split occurred
 Sunnis
believe agreement among Muslims
should settle religious matters
 Sh’iah believe that imams should decide
religious matters
Culture
 Marriage
 Women
could refuse an arranged
marriage
 Women could keep property after a
divorce
 Qu’ran limits a man to four wives
Culture (cont)
 Slavery
 Qu’ran
encourages Muslims to free
their slaves
 Slaves are to be treated humanely
 Free Muslims could not be enslaved
 Children of a female slave and her
master were free
Culture (cont)
 Medicine
 Studied
anatomy
 Established first pharmacy
school and encyclopedia
 Spread knowledge to Europe
Anatomy of the eye
Avecinna, father of
modern medicine
Culture (cont)
 Geography
 Cartography
 Developed
extremely accurate maps
 Astronomy
 Used
astrolabe to navigate the stars
Culture (cont)
 Architecture
was
designed to show the
glory of Islam
 Mosques
on top
A
have a minaret
crier calls the people to
worship five times a day
Culture (cont)
 The
Arts
 Great
 The
(cont)
patrons of poetry and literature
Thousand and One Nights
 Ali
Baba, Aladdin, Sinbad
the astrolabe
algebra
architecture
Muslims in the World
Today
Muslims in America