Transcript Islam Described

Based on the picture and
your readings, what
conclusions can you draw?
What are the people doing?
Why do Muslims kneel,
bow, and touch their
foreheads to the ground
when they pray?
Islam’s most sacred sanctuary
Located in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Muslims believe Abraham and his son Ishmael built it.
It contains the Black Stone, the cornerstone of the Kaaba
50’ high, 33’ wide, 40’ long
The outer black cloth contains verses from the Quran
 Pilgrims walk around the track 7 times, reciting the Quran
 Built by Muslims in 691 C.E.
 Muslims believe Muhammad ascended into Paradise from here
 He returned to earth and brought Allah’s message to all people
 Jews honor the site as the place where Abraham was prepared to sacrifice
his son, Isaac
Say O Muslims: We believe in God and that which is
revealed unto us and that which was revealed unto
Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the
tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and
that which the Prophets received from their Lord. We
make no distinction between any of them, and unto
Him we have surrendered.
1. What does this Quran passage tell you about how
Muslims view the teachings of the Hebrew prophets
and Jesus? They accept them
2. How do Muslims view Jesus? As equals to the prophets
3. What is one belief that Muslims, Jews, and
Christians share? Monotheistic; share some of the Prophets
The Arab Empire and Its Successors
500 C.E.
570 C.E.
Birth of
Muhammad
700 C.E.
900 C.E.
661-750 C.E.
Umayyad Dynasty
680 C.E.
Hussein leads revolt
against Umayyad rule
1100 C.E.
1300 C.E.
750-1258
Abbasid Dynasty
1. Which Muslim dynasty was
in power in 732 C.E. when
Arab forces were defeated
in Gaul, halting Arab
expansion in Europe?
2. About how many years did
the Abbasid Dynasty last?
3. Muslims split into 2 main
sects (Sunni & Shiite) after
a revolt led by Hussein in
what year?
What activity brought prosperity to the Islamic world?
What 3 cities were important trade centers?
Where did the majority of the people live during the early stages of
the Arab Empire?
Stearns, page 119; Glencoe, page 197
1. How far north did the Islam empires spread?
2. How did the Arabs benefit from expansion?
What was the main effect of the Crusades?
 Muslim leader
 Established the
Ayyubid Dynasty
 Very devout
 Legendary chivalry
 Defeated
Europeans in the 2nd
Crusade
Saladin (1138-1193)
 Spared Jerusalem
 Made Cairo a
vibrant medieval city
4th Crusade sacked Constantinople and weakened
the Byzantine Empire
Led to Anti-Semitism in Europe
Broke down feudalism
Lasting impact: bred centuries of
distrust/enmity between Muslims
and Christians
 1258, Mongols seized
Persia and Mesopotamia
 Ended Abbasid
Caliphate
 Hulegu sacked Baghdad
 Destroyed libraries,
mosques, palaces
Hulegu (hoo-LAY-goo)
 Turkish slave-soldiers (Mamluks) stopped the
Mongols at the Red Sea
 Mongolians inter-married with local peoples
 Mongolians converted to Islam and spread the
religion throughout Asia/southern Europe
 Mongolian conquest ended Baghdad’s leadership
 Cairo became the new center of Islamic
civilization
• Ibn- Rushd – translated Aristotle’s works
• Spread the Indian # system with 0
• Europeans mislabeled the system “Arabic”
• Developed Algebra
• Knew the Earth was round
• Astrolabe = helped sailors
determine location by studying the
stars/planets
Ibn Sina
- wrote medical encyclopedia
- “The” University medical textbook
Ibn Khaldun (14th C)
- Muslim historian
- Civilizations rise/decay in cycles
Omar Khayyam (12th C) - Rubiyat
- Arabian Nights
Mosque of Cordoba, Spain
Allhambra Palace Granada, Spain