Transcript The Muslim World 600-1250

The Muslim World
600-1250
Roots of Islam
• Bedouins in Arabia
• Sasanid Empire, 224-651
–Control
–Zoroastrianism
–Silk Road
Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad
• Settled people
• Nomads rare, but important
• Crossroads of Trade and Ideas
–Linked areas
–Center of Trade Routes
–Mecca—Ka’ba
Muhammad
• Born in 570
• Caravan trader
• In 610,
revelations
• Qur’an
Beliefs of Islam
• Five Pillars of
Islam
–Faith
–Prayer
–Zakat
–Fasting
–Hajj
Spread of Islam under Muhammad
• Flight from Mecca to Medina in 622
• The umma
• Mecca under Muslim control by 630 CE
• Died unexpectedly
in 632 at age of 62.
Spread of Islam under Muhammad
Islam Spreads
• Caliph (successor)
• Four caliphs
• By 750, the Muslim empire stretched
from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus
River
• http://mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html
• http://mapsofwar.com/ind/imperialhistory.html
The Four Caliphs
• Abu Bakr (632-634)—father-in-law of
Muhammad
• Umar (634-644)—father-in-law of Muhammad
• Uthman (644-656)—climate of discontent, one
definitive text
• Ali (656-661)—emerged triumphant through
civil war (Battle of the Camel)
Muslim World, 1200
Copyright © McDougal Littell. All Rights Reserved.
Muslim Empire Splits
• Umayyads succeed the fourth
caliph (Ali)
• Sunni
• Shi’a
• Sufi
Umayyid (661-750) Land Conquests
Downfall of the Umayyid
•
•
•
•
Arab empire
Rebellions
Huge class differences
Internal power struggles—the
Abbasids
• Spain
Abbasids Give it a Shot
• Moved capital to Baghdad
• Literature and learning flourished.
• Power began to decline
–Local revolts
–Mamluks revolt
–Buyids
–Various regional groups came to
power
Rise and Fall of the Abbasid
Caliphate
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.
Major Powers
• Umayyad
– Lost control of the empire in 750, but set up
control of Muslim lands in Spain
• Abbasids
– Took over the empire from the Umayyad
Dynasty, Fatimid
– An off-shoot of the Abbasids, they controlled
most of North Africa and Western Arabia
Muslim Conquests
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/