Transcript First Four Caliphs are

Warm-up #6
Write at least four things you know about Islam and 2
things you’d like to have clarified in the want to know
column.
Know
Want to Know
Learn
First Review – write at least two new
facts in the L column of your KWL
• Remember…
• Most Arab tribes
were
polytheistic
before 600
A.D.
• They used idols (small statues) to
represent them.
Mecca and the
Kaaba
Mecca was a small
trading town built
around the Kaaba
Tribes kept idols to
their gods in the
Kaaba
Muhammad
• Muhammad had a difficult early life.
• He married a wealthy older women
named Khadijah when he was 25.
• was 40 when the angel Gabriel came to
him.
• He started preaching.
The message
• Muhammad would be God’s
messenger.
• There’s one God, Allah.
• Continued beliefs in Old Testament
prophets like Abraham and Moses.
Just one God. Don’t
like it? Too bad!
The Qur’an (Koran)
“The Word of Allah”
The Sunna “The Words and deeds of
Muhammad” (includes the Five Pillars)
Five Pillars of Islam
Pair
Share:
What are
the five
pillars of
faith?
• Set of 5 rules all Muslims
must live by.
• Given by Muhammad in
the Sunnah.
Five Pillars of Islam
Pair
Share:
What are
the five
pillars of
faith?
• Shahada – statement of faith.
• Salah- prayer (5 times daily, facing
Mecca).
• Zakah – alms for the poor. Families
often donate about 2.5% of their
income.
• Siyam – Fast dawn to dusk during
Ramadan.
• Hajj – travel to Mecca once in your
lifetime and visit the Kabba.
Government
• Islamic law is called the Shariah (shuhREE-uh).
• Shariah judges the rightness of actions
of communities and individuals.
• It is based on interpretations of the
Qur’an and Sunnah.
Government
• It sets rewards for good behavior and
punishments for crimes.
• It was the basis of laws until modern
times.
Warm-up #8
• How did Arab merchants spread Islam?
• How were the Muslims able to conquer the
Persian and Byzantine empires?
Warm-up #8
• How did Arab merchants spread Islam?
• When traveling to trade merchants
shared Islamic customs and beliefs.
• How were the Muslims able to conquer
the Persian and Byzantine empires?
• The Muslims had strong armies, and
other empires’ armies were weak after
years of fighting.
Cornell Notes!
Islam Spreads
Essential Question:
How did Islam begin to
spread?
I. Spreading Islam
• The ideas were not accepted
peacefully.
• Muhammad was kicked out of
Mecca for preaching there was one
God.
• He went to Medina (Hajja) to build
an army.
• He returned to Mecca and fought for 3
years before conquering them and
destroying their idols.
• The Muslims then went on to attack any
tribe around them who would not
change their religion.
• This continued for hundreds of years
until they had created a huge empire.
II. First Four Caliphs
• After Muhammad died Muslims disagreed about
who was his rightful successor.
A. 632 Abu Bakr became the first caliph or
“successor.”
– His rule was unstable (clans abandoned Islam,
refused to pay taxes, etc…)
– Abu Bakr used military force to reunite Muslim
control and conquer lands north in Syria & Iraq.
II. First Four Caliphs Cont…
B. Umar (634-644)
– Muhammad’s friend.
– Suggested by Abu Bakr then elected as ruler.
– Expanded into Syria, lower Egypt (Byzantine
Empire), and Persian Empire.
– Redesigned, government; paid soldiers; held a
census; made taxes more fair; built roads and
canals; aided poor
II. First Four Caliphs Cont…
C. Uthman (644–656):
– Muhammd’s son-in-law.
– spread Islam into Afghanistan and eastern Mediterranean
– organized a navy; improved the government; built more
roads, bridges, and canals; distributed text of the Quran.
II. First Four Caliphs Cont…
D. Ali (656–661):
– Muhammad’s first cousin and son-in-law.
– He was elected after Uthmad’s assassination.
– Completed the conquest of Persia.
– Reformed tax collection & government; spent
most of caliphat battling Muawiya, the governor
of Syria
• First Four Caliphs are called the “rightly guided
caliphs” because used the Qur’an and Muhammad’s
actions as a guide.
II. First Four Caliphs Cont…
• The rule of the First Four Caliphs is called the
caliphate.
• By 661 the Muslim Empire had increased to four
times its size and included all of Southwest Asia and
stretched into North Africa.
PAIR SHARE:
Three of the first four caliphs
were assassinated.
What does this tell you about
the empire?
. . . .
• 661-750
III. Umayyads
• Islam splits into two groups (sometimes fight)
– Sunni – accept the elections of the Umayyads are
caliphs.
– Shi’a – say only relatives of Muhammad are rightful
rulers.
• Moved capital from Medina to Damascus.
• Unify by making a common language and common money.
• Took over Central Asia, northern India, Mediterranean, and
North Africa.
• 711 invaded Spain and failed to conquer France in the
Battle of Tours.
• Overthrown by the Abbasids.
IV. Abbasids
• Ruled 750 -1258
• Took over eastern section of Muslim Empire from
Umayyads.
• Used force and inclusion to maintain control.
• New capital at Baghdad.
• golden age of Muslim culture.
• Lost power due to internal revolts, poor
government, and invasions by Turks and Mongols.
Homework
-
Finish notes
Add upper level question and answer
section
- Summary
- Main idea questions