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Table of Contents
Iraq
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Saddam Hussein
Iran-Iraq War
Persian Gulf War
Gulf War Pictures
Gulf War Movies
Iraqi surrender
Economic Sanctions and Weapon
Inspections
Saddam Hussein
 Hussein moved to Baghdad in
1955, in 1959 he joined the
Baath party and escaped to
Cairo after an assassination.
 Hussein became involved in
politics and returned to
Baghdad in 1963
 Built country up and bought
Soviet weapons with oil money
 Rules country with an iron hand,
killed enemies
Iran-Iraq War
Iraqi loses totaled
400,000 soldiers,
and a debt of $75
billion.
Lead by Hussein
Persian Gulf War
Iraq invaded Kuwait in
August 1990 and
refused to leave by
the UN security
council deadline of
January 1991.
Led by Hussein
Gulf War Pictures
Gulf War Movies
Iraqi Surrender
Economic Sanctions & Weapon
Inspections
 The UN impressed economic
sanctions on Iraq, such as no fly-zones
and embargo.
 The UN demanded themselves to be
allowed to check for illegal weapons
but this was denied by Saddam
Hussein.
 This made the UN aware that they
had to make a greater effort to
control chemical and biological
weapons.
 After War, Iraq was forced to destroy
its chemical and biological weapons,
but did not comply
 No fly zones were created over
Kuwait
Hussein vs. Weapons Inspectors
The Shah Monarchy
Ayatollah Khomeini
Khomeini and Islamic Revolution
Iran-Iraq War
Contemporary Iran
Divided
Iranian timeline
The Shah Monarchy
 “Shah” is Persian King, years of
reign.
 During 20th century Shah
monarchy Muslims were not
very religious.
 Women had almost equal rights
to men.
 Trade was good, but Iran had
economic problems.
 Children ages 7-13 were
required to go to school.
 Under Shah, security strong.
 Strong ally of US and Israel.
Ayatollah Khomeini
 For many years, opposition to
corrupt and oppressive Shah
reign.
 Under Khomeini, Iran became
an “Islamic Republic”, and an
enemy of the US.
 Revolution very popular with
Iranians-between Shah and
Khomeini.
 Turned Iran away from the
western World “in the name of
Islam”. US seen as “Great
Satan”.
Khomeini & Islamic Revolution
 Hostage Crisis.
 He was the absolute and only
Ruler for 10 years until 1989.
 Followed the Shari'a laws to an
extreme extent.
 Rejection of West by embracing
fundamentalist Islam.
 Died in 1989.
Iran - Iraq War
 1980 there was a war between
Iran and Iraq-lasted 8 years.
 Caused by differences between
different ethnic groups,
Iran:Persian, Iraq:Arab, as well
as, border disagreements.
 It was assumed by Iraq that Iran
was weak after the Iranian
Revolution.
 Iran lost 600,000 Iranians, and
the economic loss totaled 1.2
billion US dollars.
 War finally ends in a stalemate.
Contemporary Iran Divided
 Controversy between Khatami
and Khamenei.
 Khatami wants Iran to be
friendlier to the US and the
western world. More freedom in
Iran.
 Khamenei wants Iran to be
exactly the way Khomeini had it.
US as “Great Satan,” Shari'a law.
 Country divided.
 Most Iranian support Khatami,
but Khamenei supported by
military and clerisy.
Controversy
Khatami
Khamenei
Iranian Timeline
The Shahs
Islamic Revolution
Khomeini
D
I
E
D
Agree with
Khamenei
Controversy
Khatami
Wahhabism/History
Monarchy
Opec Oil; Saudis And Arab Neighbors
Opec Oil; Saudis And Arab Neighbors
Persian Gulf Security
Mecca, holds the holiest shrine of Islam, the Kaaba.
Madina,is a scared city where Muhammad took
refuge
Riyadh, is the capitol of Saudi Arabia
Opec Oil; Saudis And Arab
Neighbors
 Saudi Arabia status quo,
rejects both Arab
nationalism, Egypt under
Nasser and Islamic
fundamentalism, Iran
under Khomeini.
 Arab vs. Saudis: mutual
enmity.
Wahhabism/History
 Movement in Islam from mid 18th
century.
 The Wahhabis formed a large
tribe, and very strictly followed
Islam, in vast empty deserts.
 In 1802, the Wahhabis conquered
Mecca, but in 1812, were driven
out out of Mecca.
 Because of their extreme
attitude, the Wahhabis were
founders of Saudi Arabia.
 Eventually come to be rulers of
Saudi Arabia.
Monarchy
 The house of Saud is the family
that rules Saudi Arabia.
 Monarchy started in 1932, when
they conquered territories were
unified, and Abdul Azin was
named king.
 Present king of Saudi Arabia:
FAHD bin Abd al-Azin Al Saud.
 Constitution: Governed according
to Shari’a (Islamic Law); Basic Law
that articulates governments
rights and responsibilities (est.
1993).
 Sauds use Islam as unifying idea
for country
Opec Oil; Saudis And Arab
Neighbors
 Happened during 1973, while
the Yom Kippur war was
happening in Israel.
 Saudi Arabia played a leading
role in an oil boycott against the
Western countries that
supported Israel. Gains Arab
support
 In March, 1974, the oil embargo
ended.
 This resulted in a strong
increase in oil prices. They
nearly quadrupled. Saudi Arabia
becomes rich and powerful.
Persian Security
 On August 2, 1990, Iraq invades Kuwait
 1,000.000 Iraqi soldiers on Saudi
Arabian border.
 4 days later on August 6, King FAHD
meets with Richard Cheney, and
requests military assistance form USA.
 Allied Coalition defeats Iraq and Kuwait
liberated.
 Saudi Arabia safe, Persian Gulf free for
oil shipping.
 Continued presence of American troops
very controversial inside Saudi Arabia.
 Some Saudis call for overthrow of King,
resort to terrorism against “infidels”
THE END!