Transcript 600-1450 Rise of Islam

World in 600
Postclassical Period: Fall of Han, Rome,
and Indian classical empires
 Europe in Dark Ages
 Lack of political boundaries
 Religion more important than political
boundaries (e.g. Christianity in Europe,
Hinduism in India, Buddhism in Central
and East Asia)

600-1450 Important Developments

Rise and Spread of Islam
 Byzantine Empire influences Russia
 Europe grows into major civilization connected
to Asia and Middle East
 China becomes large and prosperous empire
 Mongols impact world system
 Rise of civilizations in Africa
600-1450 Important Developments

Long distance trade becomes more complex
and connects Africa, Europe, and Asia
 Nomads continue to impact civilizations:
Bedouins (Arabs), Vikings, and Mongols
 Demographic changes continue due to:
 nomadic migrations
 Black Death
 increased urbanization
Rise of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
 Causes of Sunni-Shi’a Split
 Reasons for spread of Islam
 Changes in status of women
 Arts, Sciences and Technologies
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Reasons for spread of Islam
Well disciplined armies
 Weakness of surrounding empires
 Shari’a
 Poll tax
 There was no conversion of the sword
 Business advantage- trade

Hajj and Kab’a
Byzantine Empire
Kept alive legacy of ancient Rome
 Caesaropapism
 Eastern Orthodox church split from
Roman Catholicism
 Political and cultural influence on Russia
and Eastern Europe
 Justinian- hagia sophia, grew empire and
justinian code

Developments in Europe
 Feudalism
and manorialism
 Similarites and differences between
European and Japanese Feudalism
 Role of Catholic Church
 Impact of the Crusades
 Demographic Changes of late Middle
Ages (population change and shift)
Crusades
Europeans brought into major world
trade systems
 Europeans encounter much more
sophisticated cultures of Middle East
 Brought back silk, spices, and gold
 Increased demand for additional goods
 Starts the Mediterranean sea trade and
growth of city states

Sui, Tang, Song China
 Re-establishment
of empire
 Growth of examination system and
scholar-officials
 Rise and decline of Buddhism
 Decline in status of women
 Neo-Confucianism
 Chinese modernism (technology,
urbanism, manufacturing, etc.)
Sui 598-618
Re-establishment of empire
 GRand Canal- increased internal
communication and trade

Tang 618-907
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Continued effective communication systempostal stations, roads with inns
Equal field system- limit power of land owning
aristocracy
Merit based bureaucracy
LARGE empireIdea of Middle Kingdom (Vietnam, Manchuria
and Tibet)
Established vassal kingdom in Korea- silla
Song 960
Golden era
 Lost territory compared to the tang
 Increased agricultural production
 Increasing population
 Urbanization- urban large scale capitals- Xian,
Hangzhou
 Technological innovations- compass, print, gunpowder
 Financial innovations- flying cash aided trade
 Women’s status declines
 Neoconfucianism
Impact of Mongols
 Reasons
for Genghis Khan’s success
 Style of Mongol Rule
 Impact of Mongol rule on China, Russia,
Middle East (Islamic heartland)
 Pax Mongolica and diffusion of goods,
ideas, and plague
Changes brought by Mongols
Overall centralization
 Changed capitals
 Increased trade
 Rule from afar
 Often times, mongols adopted
cultural/religious beliefs of subjects

African Societies
Ghana, Mali, Swahili City-States
 Gold/Salt Trade
 Influence of Islam
 Indian Ocean Trade
 Africa increasingly part of world trade
system
Important Issues

Imperfect boundaries in areas
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Cultural labels
Wide differences in cultural zones
Christendom
 Muslims in mali vs. Muslim in Central asia
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Increasing Complexity of Trade
Routes
Africa, Europe, and Asia tied together for
the first time:
 Silk
Road
 Mediterranean
 Trans-Saharan Trade
 Indian Ocean Trade
Silk Routes
Mediterranean Trade
Venice and
Genoa
became
important
ports during
Crusades
Trans-Saharan Trade
Indian Ocean
Continued influence of nomadic peoples
 Arabs—spread
of Islam
 Vikings—led to feudalism in Europe
 Turks
 Mongols
 Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa
Impacts of Black Death
Areas impacted include Europe, China,
and Middle East (Islamic) countries
 Population declines
 Labor Shortages

World in 1450

China reestablished but increasingly inward looking
under Ming Dynasty
 End of unified Islamic Empire but Islam still a
worldwide religion
 Growth of Europe into separate kingdoms
 Increasing desire for trade goods, particularly in
Europe
 Ottoman Turks take over Byzantine Empire
 Islamic civilizations in India (Mughal Empire)
 End of nomadic ability to dominate civilizations
 Decreasing status of elite women in civilized societies
(China, Islamic countries, Europe)