Transcript Ch. 18.1 The Ottomans

 Who were the Ottoman Turks?
 Why were they important relative to the development
of European and Asian worlds?
 From first semester, what does Byzantium sound
like?
 Ghazis – warriors for Islam
 Formed military societies under an emir
 Emir – chief
 Lived on the frontiers of the Byzantine Empire
 Who were the ghazis?
 What was the emir?
 The most successful Emir was Osman or Othman
 His followers were called Ottomans
 Ottoman military success was largely based on the use
of gunpowder
 Declared himself Sultan
 “Overlord” or “One with Power”
 Muslims served in the military
 Non-Muslims did not but had to pay a tax
 What leader’s name gives itself to the Ottomans?
 What does sultan mean?
 Got nickname because he was injured by an arrow in
the leg
 Burned the city of Bagdad and crushed the Ottoman
forces
 Conquered Constantinople in 1451
 Now the Ottoman Turks controlled the waterways
between Europe and Asia
 Used cannons
One was 26ft long and fired 1,200 pound
boulders!
 What did Tamerlane do?
 Why was Constantinople an important location?
 Mecca and Medina
 Egypt
 Syria and Persia
 The Ottoman Empire peaked under Suleyman
 Started to infringe upon Central Europe
 Created a law code to handle both Civil and Criminal
matters
 What is the difference between Civil and Criminal law?
 Devshirme
 Under this system the Ottoman Turks captured young
boys from conquered territories, converted them to
Islam, trained them, then made them soldiers
 Janissaries
 Trained them to be loyal to the Sultan; heart of the
Ottoman war machine
 Slowly declined due to dynastic violence
 Each new Sultan would have his brother strangled and
kept his sons in prison
 Produced a long line of weak sultans
 What leader were the Ottoman Turks named for?
 What was the greatest accomplishment of the
Ottoman Turks? How did they do it?
 Why was Suleyman important?
The Safavid
Empire
 Who were the Safavids?
 What were the patterns of cultural blending and why
were they important?
 Shi’ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia between
the 16th and 18th Centuries
 Do you remember the difference between Shi’ite and
Sunni Muslims?
 What the name of Persia now?
 Culturally diverse empire
 Prompted by one or more of the following:
 Migration
 Pursuit of religious freedom
 Trade
 Conquest
 Language
 Religion/ethics
 Government
 Racial/Ethnic blending
 Arts/architecture
 What branch of Islam were the Safavids?
 What events/actions contribute to cultural blending?
 What are the outcomes of cultural blending?
 Isma’il conquers what is most of Iran/Persia
 12 years old
 To celebrate, he made himself the Shah = King
 Brutal ruler – destroyed the Sunni population
 Shah Abbas – Abbas the Great
 Created a culture that blended Ottoman, Persian, and
Arab worlds
 Reformed government
 Religious tolerance
 Built new capital at Esfahan
 Persian rugs became in high demand
 Who started the Safavids?
 What was the name of the territory?
 What country is it today?
 Name one contribution of Shah Abba?
 Write down:
 3 things you learned
 2 things you want to learn more about
 1 question you have
Essential Questions
Who were the Mughals?
What is their cultural legacy
in India and the World?
 By the 400’s, the Gupta Empire had
crumbled
 Then Muslim Turks and Afghans invaded
Descendents of Genghis Khan and
Tamerlane
 They called themselves Mughals (Means
Mongols)
 In 1494, an 11 year
old boy inherited a
Kingdom in Central
Asia – His name was
Babur
 He invaded and
swept down through
India
 He laid the
foundations for the
Mughal Empire
 What does “Mughal” mean?
 Who was the “first” Mughal?
 What country?
Akbar
 Babur’s grandson was
named Akbar
 Military conqueror
 Liberal ruler
Practiced religious
tolerance
Married Hindu
princesses
 Blended cultures
Art and architecture
flourished
http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/g
allery/photos/20.html
 Built by Shah Jahan to honor his wife
 The construction of this monument took a
time period of 22 years. A workforce of
20,000 laborers was brought from here
and there for building the Taj Mahal.
 People say that Shah Jahan ordered that
the hands of the craftsmen and architect
be chopped off after building Taj Mahal, as
he did not want them to build another
grand monument as this one.
 It is said that Shah Jahan had planned to
build another Taj Mahal in black marble as
his own tomb.
 The Taj Mahal is considered to be the
seventh wonder of the world.
 The walls and dome of Taj Mahal were
covered with semi precious stones and gems
that were later plundered in successive
wars.
Rulers drained Empire of resources
Central power weakened opening the
door for European control
 What were some of the characteristics of Akbar?
 Who built the Taj Mahal?
 Why?
 Summaries in one word!