Transcript Safavid Empire - davis.k12.ut.us

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In-between Constantinople and
Middle East lay Anatolia. There
nomadic Muslim Turks lived in a
militaristic society. Called
themselves
– warriors for
the Islam faith
Led by Osman I, named his
descendants Ottomans
His son Orhan I, became second
Ottoman ruler and declared
himself
– Arabic for “ruler”
Within 100 years became the major
power in Europe
Their power was military,
enslaved Christian boys, converted
them to Islam and trained as elite
soldiers called
.
Christians called this practice a
blood tax.
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Ottomans surrounded all lands around,
Byzantines controlled the Bosporus
Strait, major trade route between Asia
and Europe, gave Byzantines great
wealth but also split Ottoman empire.
Ottomans ruler , Mehmed II was 21 yr.
old and obsessed with breaking through
walls of city.
Adopted gunpowder from which nation?
First to use gunpowder weapons i.e.
cannons in Europe.
Surrounded city and aimed massive
cannons at walls and attacked for 2
months. The city finally fell, Ottoman
soldiers flooded in killing and enslaving
thousands
“The blood flowed through the streets
like rainwater after a sudden storm” –
tradition to let soldiers pillage for 3 days
Had Hagia Sophia turned from great
Christian Cathedral into Mosque
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What religious changes were made now and why
did that matter? TPS
Constantinople became capitol for Ottoman
empire and was no longer a Christian center but a
Muslim stronghold.
Name would be changed to Istanbul at this time
Ottomans addressed other threats at this time,
Safavid Empire in 1514 in Persia crushed, swept
through Syria, Egypt, soon after capture Mecca
and Medina, the holy cities of Islam.
Suleyman I “Suleyman the magnificent” pushed
through Hungary to Vienna, gained control of the
North African coast.
RULER
OSMAN
MURAD II
MEHMED II
SELIM THE
GRIM
SULEYMAN
BUILDING/EXPANSION OF THE EMPIRE – CH.
18 SECT. 1
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Two classes in society, Upper privileged ruling class and everyone
else.
Non Muslims had to pay heavy taxes and endure restrictions ,
although only Muslims could serve in the military.
The religions of the book had to form millets, small religious
communities.
Cultural diffusion was high and for the most part culture thrived
and created a rich Ottoman culture.
Major reason for decline in Empire was the practice of heirs.
Sultans would kill their brothers to eliminate rivals. Princes/heirs
were usually locked up in the royal palace. What is wrong with
this TPS?
By the time he was released to rule had no experience in dealing
with governing others etc. Even with weak rulers lasted up until
1900’s
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Separate Islamic society that came in part due to
the Sunni and Shia sects/split.
14 years old, Esma’il whose father died fighting
Sunni Muslims, took up the sword and lead his
father’s followers in battle. Sweeping all of Persia.
Took the title of shah – “king” of Safavid Empire
Blended culture of Shiism and Sunnis giving
Safavid unique religious state which formed the
national culture for present day Iran. Greatest
defeat was to the Ottomans in Battle of Chaldiran.
Dome of Madrasa,
combined Chinese tile
work with traditional
Muslim Calligraphy
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1588 greatest Safavid Leader Abbas became Shah
Copied the Ottomans by reforming the gov’t ,
strengthening the military and acquiring modern
gunpowder weapons. Also mirrored them by
enslaving Russian youth and trained them to be
soldiers.
Gained back majority of land lost to Ottomans
Brought in Chinese potters to improve quality of
glazed tiles/ceramics, created public spaces with
arches and lush gardens, during 1600’s capital
Esfahan was one of the world’s most magnificent
cities.