Transcript Ancient Trade Routes - Scott County Schools

Ancient Trade Routes
Today we will work on our understanding of trade
during Time Period I and II. We will look at
routes, goods, and primary sources in this
presentation. On your charts and blank map,
carefully draw the major routes presented, some
of the empires involved, major goods traded,
major inventions’ original locations, and the path
of the spread of ideas, as we discuss
Label each of the 3 routes in a different color.
4 Main Trade Routes
• Silk Roads – land route across Eurasia
• Indian Ocean Maritime System – water round
around the Indian Ocean
• Trans-Saharan Route – land route connecting
Sub-Saharan Africa to the other 2 Eurasian
Trade Systems
• American Trading Systems – traded luxury
goods north and south but more limited in
scope
Who Traded?
• Silk Roads – East Asians & Indians = producers &
buyers; Everyone else = buyers; pastoralists =
facilitators & sellers of horses to land-based empires
• IOMS – South East Asians, Chinese, East Africans,
Indians & Arabs = traders & producers; route
connected eventually with the Mediterranean Sea
• Trans-Saharan – Berbers = North African pastoralists
and trade facilitators; West Africans = producers of
gold, animals skins, ivory; East African = producers
of animal skins, ivory
• Europe – at this time was a crappy peninsula
hanging off the edge of Asia. NOT VERY INVOLVED
Silk Roads
Technology and Inventions
Camel saddle – invented in the Mid East and
spread through sub-Saharan Africa. Distributed
the load of goods the camel carried.
Caravan crossing Pamir Mountains
Caravan crossing Pamir Mountains
The Silk Road was a trade route linking the lands of the Mediterranean with China by way of Mesopotamia, Iran,
and Central Asia. Silk Road caravans often traveled during the winter to avoid torrid temperatures that added to the
hardship of humans and animals. These two-humped camels, in a caravan crossing the Pamir Mountains, have
heavy coats of wool that they shed in the spring. The ratio of one camel-puller for every two or three camels
indicates how much human labor, exclusive of merchants, pilgrims, and other passengers, was involved in Silk Road
trading. (R. Michaud/Woodfin Camp & Associates)
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There were differences in the styles of ships used in different
areas of the Indian Ocean basin. The dhow was used by Arab
traders in the Western portion of the trade network.
Chinese Trading Vessel: The JUNK
Cultural Developments
Syncretism
• The blending of different cultural elements
that results in a new hybrid of both.
Cultural Diffusion
• The movement of ideas, people, religions,
languages, diseases, goods, etc. around the
globe
Negative Impacts
• Spread of disease  Black Plague (bubonic
plague) spreads through both Silk Roads and
IOMS, for example.
Relief, Sailing Vessel, Indian Ocean, from Borobudur
Relief, Sailing Vessel, Indian Ocean, from Borobudur
Ships like this Indian Ocean sailing vessel, in a rock carving in the Buddhist
temple of Borobodur in Java (built between 770 and 825), probably carried
colonists from Indonesia to Madagascar. (Ancient Art & Architecture
Collection)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Of what is this building an example?
Bodhisattva at Bamian, lst B.C.
Bodhisattva at Bamian, lst B.C.
Carved into the side of a cliff at
Bamiam, this was one of two
monumental Buddhist sculptures
near the top of a high mountain pass
connecting Kabul, Afghanistan, with
the northern parts of the country.
Carved in the sixth or seventh
century, the sculptures were
surrounded by cave dwellings of
monks and rock sanctuaries, some
dating to the first century B.C.E. (Ian
Griffiths/Robert Harding Picture
Library)
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Interior Dunhuang Cave
Interior Dunhuang Cave
The cave temples of Dunhuang, a
county located at the west end of
Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province,
are among the richest depositories
of Buddhist art. These three clay
statues, which attend the main
Buddha in Cave 45, represent the
Buddha's disciple Ananda, a
bodhisattva, and a heavenly king.
((c) Cultural Relics Data Center of
China)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Musicians playing Iranian instruments
Musicians playing Iranian
instruments
As trade became a more important
part of Central Asian life, the Iranianspeaking peoples settled
increasingly in trading cities and
surrounding farm villages. This threecolor glazed pottery figurine is one of
hundreds of artifacts of Silk Road
camels and horses found in northern
Chinese tombs from the sixth to ninth
centuries. The musicians playing
Iranian instruments testify to the
migration of Iranian culture across
the Silk Road. At the same time,
dishes decorated by the Chinese
three-color glaze technique were in
vogue in northern Iran. (The National
Museum of Chinese History)
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In Eurasia, trade intensified as cities grew.