Transcript File - PSYC DWEEB

Forgetting
 Forgetting can
occur at any
memory stage
 As we process
information,
we filter, alter,
or lose much
of it
Forgetting
 Two Main areas:
 Encoding Failure
 Retrieval Failure
 Cue Dependant Forgetting:
 Lack of similar cues to prompt recall
 Considered by some to be most common form of
forgetting
 “tip of the tongue phenomena”
Forgetting as
Interference
Forgetting
 Decay
 The natural deterioration of our brain
capacity
 “use it or lose it”
Forgetting
 Misinformation Effect
 incorporating misleading information into
one's memory of an event
 Pseudomemories (false memories)
Forgetting
Depiction of actual accident
 Eyewitnesses
reconstruct
memories when
questioned
Leading question:
“About how fast were the cars
going when they smashed into
each other?”
Memory
construction
Forgetting
 Motivated Forgetting
 people sometimes unknowingly revise memories due to
discomfort, guilt, denial, etc.
 Repression
 defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxietyarousing thoughts, feelings, and memories (Psychogenic amnesia)
 involves controversy of false memories as well
Memory Issues
 Amnesia
 memory loss w/o other memory difficulties
 Organic Amnesia
 Usually the result to brain disease or head injury
 Psychogenic Amnesia (Repression)
 Source Amnesia
 attributing to the wrong source an event that we
experienced, heard about, read about, or
imagined
Memory Issues
 Alzheimer’s Disease
 A progressive brain disorder that
leads to a gradual and irreversible
decline in cognitive abilties
Improve Your Memory
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Use distributed practice
Pay attention
Over learn - spend more time rehearsing or actively thinking
about the material
Make material personally meaningful
Encode information in more than one way
Use mnemonic devices
 associate something already stored
 make up story
 chunk
 use visual imagery
Improve Your Memory
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Activate retrieval cues--mentally recreate situation and mood
Recall events while they are fresh-- before you encounter
misinformation
Minimize interference
Test your own knowledge
 rehearse
 determine what you do not yet know