Transcript Memory - Northern Highlands

Memory
Unit 6
What is memory?
 The ability to remember the things that we have
experienced, imagined, and learned
 Explained using Information Processing Model
 Sensory Register- entry points for raw information from
the senses
 Processes far more than we can “selectively attend” to
 Short Term/Working Memory- “selective attention”
 Long Term Memory- limitless memory bank
Sensory Registers
 Iconic Memory
 We hold images that we see very briefly in our sensory
register
 Stare forward then quickly close your eyes- image will
remain in mind and then fades quickly
 Sperling and the 12 letters
 Wait one second before asking a subject to recall letters and
they remember 1-2 rather than 3-4
 “Masking” happens when we get new sensory information
Sensory Registers
 Echoic Memory
 Auditory information echoes in our ears for a short period
of time
 For a few moments, we can recover what we just heard
even if we didn’t consciously process it
 Fades more slowly than iconic memory
Short-Term Memory
 We can only “selectively attend” to a small amount of
sensory information
 The important information that we want to process then
enters our Short Term, or Working Memory
 Stores information briefly in order to “work on it”
 We also retrieve information from long-term memory
and process it in working memory
Short-Term Memory
 Is very limited- When you focus, you need to shut other
stimuli out so your STM doesn’t get “crowded”
 Capacity:
 As much information that can be repeated or rehearsed in
1.5 to 2 seconds
 7 bits of information plus or minus 2
Demonstration: STM
CXW
MNKTY
RPJHBZS
GBMPVQFJD
EGQWJPBRHKA
STM Capacity: 7 +/- 2 (5-9 bits)
6129643
9736129643
Demonstration: STM and
Chunking
TFIJFKBYMCAV
Demonstration: STM and
Chunking
TV FBI JFK YMCA
Demonstration: STM and
Chunking
Memorize these numbers:
1945181217762012
Did you chunk ‘em????
1945 1812 1776 2012
????
?
Demonstration: STM and
Chunking
 Swan, Goat, Cardboard, Boat, River, Bird, Music
 The swan tugged the goat in a cardboard boat across
the river while the bird sang sweet music from above.
Encoding
 How can we make sure we are thoroughly processing
information in short term memory?
 For instance, if we need to memorize that the Enola Gay
dropped the A-Bomb on Japan, what can we do to
remember this?
 Dual Encoding: Hear the words, then imagine a mental
picture of what you are trying to learn.
 Try this: John Quincy Adams enjoyed bathing nude in the
Potamac.
 Bottom line: APPLY AS MANY MEANINGS AS POSSIBLE
TO INFORMATION YOU NEED TO ENCODE!
Encoding, then keeping it
there!!!!
 STM is fleeting
 To hold information in STM, we can use rote rehearsal- repeating
information over and over again
 Even better than this is elaborate rehearsal- applying meaning, then
rehearsing.
 Rote rehearsal:
 A, B, C, D, E, F, G…. A, B, C, D, E, F, G…
 MVEMJSUNP
 Elaborative rehearsal:
 Apple, Banana, Carrot, Dog, Elephant, Frog, Goat
 Apple, Banana, Carrot, Dog, Elephant, Frog, Goat
 My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas
Homework: Remember these
words.
 Ladybug, Orange, Sweater,
Grass, Bicycle, Planet, Iguana,
Lake, Pencil, Laughter