Transcript Minerals PPT - Effingham County Schools


Minerals which are naturally existing chemical
compounds.

Minerals can be identified by their physical
properties.





What are the four characteristics of a mineral?
Naturally occurring
Crystal Structure/Chemical Substance
Inorganic/ Non-Living
Solid
A mineral must occur
naturally in the
Earth’s crust. It
cannot be man
made.
A mineral must be
inorganic rather than
organic. Organic
materials are formed
from living things.
Minerals must be
made from things that
were never alive.
A mineral is always a
solid. It can never
be a liquid or a
gas.
A mineral’s atoms
are arranged in a
definite pattern.
This repeating
pattern is called a
crystal.

The two most common elements in the
Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon. (#5)



Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen are
silicate minerals.
Silicate minerals make up 90% of the earth’s
crust.
The other 10% are non-silicate minerals.


The most common classification of
minerals is based on chemical
composition.
Minerals are classified based on
chemical composition in two groups.
What are these two groups?
1. Silicates
2. Nonsilicates
#4 & #5
QuartzBasic Building
block of
many rocks



Feldspar – Main
component of
most rocks on
earth’s surface
Mica –
Mica minerals
separate into
sheets easily
when they
break



Minerals that contain combinations of silicon
and oxygen in their chemical structure are
called silicates and minerals without silicon
and oxygen are called nonsilicates.

The structure of a crystal is made by a
repeating pattern of atoms. The largest
crystals are formed as superheated rocks
slowly cool. Where are these large crystals
formed? Underground near magma.


Minerals that do not contain oxygen or silicon
are non-silicate minerals!!!
Some of these minerals are made up of
elements like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, and
sulfur!!!




Carbonates
building stones
Cement
fireworks.
Fireworks



Halides
Detergents
chemical industry
Detergent




Oxides
Abrasives
Paint
airplane parts.
Paint





Sulfates
Paint
Cement
Toothpaste
cosmetics
Toothpaste




Sulfides
batteries
electronic parts
medicines
Batteries




???
Wood
NOT
It was living
Wood
NOT – once living




???
Wood
NOT
It was living



???
Gold
YES




???
Fossil
NOT
It was living



???
Topaz
YES




???
bone
NOT
It is living



???
Granite
YES



???
Quartz
YES




???
Pearls
NOT
Made by oysters



???
Talc
YES



???
Diamond
YES





???
coal
NOT
Was once
living material
– plants
Sedimentary
rock



???
Rock Salt
YES