Transcript Geography Revision - Christ the King College

Geography Revision
Living with Natural Hazards
What are the causes and effects of earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions and how do people prepare for
and respond to them?
You need to be able to answer the
following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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8.
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17.
What are the primary and secondary effects of earthquakes?
What are the primary and secondary effects of volcanic eruptions?
How might the effects of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes vary between an LEDC and an MEDC? Use
examples to explain your answer.
What are the causes of earthquakes? (ie how and why do they happen?)
What are the causes of volcanic eruptions? (ie how and why do they happen?)
Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries?
Explain the 4 different types of plate boundary. Make sure you can create a diagram of each (include
constructive, destructive, conservative, collisions).
Why do people live in areas at risk from earthquakes and volcanoes?
What are some of the advantages of living in an area which is at risk of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
(include geothermal energy, tourism and fertile soils as a starting point)?
Explain why some people choose to stay in, or are unable to move away from an area at risk from earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions (use case study examples to back you up).
Describe the range of ways in which the damaging effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be
reduced.
Why do LEDC’s and MEDC’s use different strategies to reduce the effects of earthquakes and volcanoes? What
different strategies do they use?
What can be done in the short term (over a short space of time) to respond to an earthquake or volcano?
What can be done in the long term (over a short space of time) to respond to an earthquake or volcano?
What can be done to predict and prepare for earthquakes and volcanoes?
Why can some countries be better prepared than others?
Primary and secondary effects – page 62-3
3
1
What are the primary and secondary effects of earthquakes?
2
What are the primary and secondary effects of volcanic eruptions?
How might the effects of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes vary between an LEDC and an MEDC? Use examples to
explain your answer.
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•
Define the following terms:
Primary effect:
•
Secondary effect:
Natural Hazard
Primary Effects
Secondary Effects
Volcanic Eruptions
Earthquakes
Case Study – Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador Aug 2006
Case Study - Yogyakarta, Java (Indonesia Earthquake) May 2006
note primary effects in one colour and secondary effects in a different colour
note primary effects in one colour and secondary effects in a different colour
4
5
What are the causes of earthquakes? (ie how and why do they happen?)
What are the causes of volcanic eruptions? (ie how and why do they happen?)
6
Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
7
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries?
Page 64-65
Label the cross section of the earth and describe each layer; crust, mantle, outer core, inner
core
What are tectonic plates? Why do they move?
•
http://www.bennett.karoo.net/gcse/tectonics.html
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7
Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries?
Explain the 4 different types of plate boundary. Make sure you can create a diagram of each (include
constructive, destructive, conservative, collisions).
Page 64-5
•
Draw a simple sketch of each of the different types of plate boundary. Include important key words such as
subduction zone
Destructive
Constructive
Conservative
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Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries?
Collision
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/
9
Why do people live in areas at risk from earthquakes and volcanoes?
10
What are some of the advantages of living in an area which is at risk of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
(include geothermal energy, tourism and fertile soils as a starting point)?
11
Explain why some people choose to stay in, or are unable to move away from an area at risk from earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions (use case study examples to back you up).
Page 66-7
•
Draw a spider diagram to show the benefits of living with tectonic hazards
•
Explain why people choose to stay in or are unable to move away from an area at risk from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (use
case study examples to back you up).
12 Describe the range of ways in which the damaging effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be reduced.
Page 68-9
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Design a building to withstand an earthquake, be sure to label the different features of the building
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What is earthquake preparedness?
Build a bridge over the Bay – San Francisco www.eduweb.com/portfolio/bridgetoclassroom/engineeringfor.html
13. Why do LEDC’s and MEDC’s use different strategies to reduce the effects of earthquakes and volcanoes? What different
strategies do they use?
Page 70-1
MEDC
What strategies do they use?
How do these reduce the effects
of earthquakes and volcanoes?
LEDC
What strategies do they use?
How do these reduce the effects
of earthquakes and volcanoes?
14. What can be done in the short term (over a short space of time) to respond to an earthquake or volcano?
15. What can be done in the long term (over a short space of time) to respond to an earthquake or volcano?
Page 70-1
Short Term
Long Term
Complete the table to show the long term and short term effects of earthquakes and volcanoes – make sure you add a key so
you know which are earthquakes and which are volcanoes
16. What can be done to predict and prepare for earthquakes and volcanoes?
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List all the different things that can be done to prepare for earthquakes and volcanoes. Add a key so you know which are
earthquakes and which are volcanoes.
17. Why can some countries be better prepared than others?
Page 68-9, 71
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List all the reasons you can think of and write which country they are next to them.
Key words
Define the following keywords
Keyword
Primary effect
Secondary effect
Tsunamis
Richter Scale
Aftershocks
Epicentre
Focus
Earth’s crust
Tectonic plates
Mantle
Magma
Subduction
Convection currents
Retrofitting
Appropriate technology
Building code
Seismic activity
Laser ranging
Definition