Transcript Atoms to Minerals

CHAPTER 5
MINERALS
Name: __________________
Period: _____
Date: ___________________
Minerals are S.O.N.I.C.
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a substance must meet the following
criteria to be classified as a mineral:
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Formation of Minerals
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Crystals are a H.OT.M.I.T.
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An orderly arrangement of atoms in a mineral
Will form one of the six basic shapes:
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Mineral Families SSSCOHN
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Minerals are grouped into families by their chemical
structure. There are seven families:
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Silicates
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__________of the earth’s crust
Made from different atoms and __________ and
_______________ plus a metal (aluminum or iron),
some do not have this metal (quartz)
Basic building block is the
_____________________which is one silicon atom
bonded to _____oxygen atoms
Classified on how the tetrahedron is linked together
( chains or single sheet)
Common: mica, feldspar, quartz, amphibole, pyroxene,
olivine, beryl
Carbonates
Made from different atoms and
__________ and 3 __________ plus a
metal (aluminum or iron)
 Most common is calcite and dolomite used
in building materials
 Other common: azurite, malachite
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Oxides
Made from different atoms and
__________ plus a metal (usually iron)
 Used in steel industry, magnets, car parts,
medicines, cosmetics, plastics, and paints
 Common: hematite, magnetite
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Sulfides
Made from different atoms and
______________ plus a metal (iron)
 Used is medicines, cosmetics, plastics,
paints, and industry
 Common: pyrite, galena
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Sulfates
Made from different atoms and
____________ and ___________ plus a
metal (aluminum or iron)
 Used in steel industry, car parts,
medicines, cosmetics, plastics, and paints
 Common: Gypsum, Celestine, barite
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Halides
Atoms bonded with any one of the
following elements _________,
___________, _________, __________,
____________ plus a metal
 Used in steel industry, car parts,
medicines, cosmetics, plastics, and paints
 Common: Fluorite, Halite,
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Native Elements
Any mineral that is made
___________________________
 Used in steel industry, car parts,
medicines, cosmetics, plastics, and paints
 Common: Gold, Silver, Platinum,
Potassium, Calcium,
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Classification
Physical inspection and tests identify minerals:
 ____________: least reliable
 ____________: true color of mineral
 ____________: can be metallic or nonmetallic
 ____________: the strength of a mineral not to be
scratched
 ___________________: its mass compared to water
 ______________: Cleavage or Fracture
 Special Properties: these are special identifying traits
that some minerals posses
Color
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Observation
Some minerals identified by their unique color:
 Sulfur
is yellow
 Azurite is blue
 Malachite is green
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Most un reliable:
 Many
minerals can have the same color
 Weathering/oxidation of mineral surface can change
true color
Streak
By rubbing a mineral on a unglazed
porcelain tile, a minerals true color can be
found
 Some nonmetallic minerals have a
colorless or white streak
 Most metallic minerals have a grey or
black streak
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Luster
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How a mineral reflects light
Metallic: looks like rusted or shiny metal
Nonmetallic: does not look like meta
Some descriptions:
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Shiny
Earthy
Brilliant
Dull
Glassy
Pearly
Waxy
Hardness
The resistance of a mineral to being
scratched
 Based on atom alignment
 Test with the Moh’s scale
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is softest: talc
 10 hardest: diamond
Breakage
________________: breaking mineral
and it cleaves into smooth flat surfaces (or
right angles are made)
 ________________: breaking mineral
and it does not cleave
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 Descriptive:
Conchoidal
fibrous, splintery, jagged,
Cleavage
Fracture
Specific Gravity
Comparing the mass of a mineral to an
equal volume of water
 Metallic Minerals have a higher specific
gravity (3 to 5)
 Nonmetallic usually can have a lower
specific gravity (1 to 3)
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Special Properties
Phosphorous: can continue to glow after
UV turned off
 Fluorescence: can glow under UV light
 Magnetic: can attract metals
 Refractive: can bend light
 Radioactive: can send off radioactive
particles
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Flouresence
Phosphoresence
Refractive