Transcript FeCuAl
22.4 The Indispensable Three: Iron, Copper, and Aluminum Liz Ewings Nicole Wigder Chem 163, June 2009 What the heck are they used for? Iron, Fe: Cars, skyscrapers, superheros Copper, Cu: Wiring, pennies, pipes Aluminum, Al: Soda cans, batteries, power lines Crusty Old Metal Chick % Mass in Earth’s Crust… • Iron: 4.7% • Copper: 0.007% • Aluminum: 7.5% – Most abundant metal in earth’s crust by mass – Found in rubies, sapphires, turquoise Excuse for gratuitous nudity % mass in human body… • Iron: 0.005% – Hemoglobin, O2 transport • Copper: 4 x 10-4% – Hemocyanin, O2 transport for lobsters • Aluminum: trace amounts – extremely toxic, try not to eat if at all possible.If impossible, alert your family doctor or local chemistry student immediately upon ingestion. Dum-dum-da-dum-dummm • Probably should be called ‘Steel Man’ – Oops, that’s a different guy! • Used for 3,000 years – Large scale production didn’t begin until 1773… – Just in time for the American Revolution, what a coincidence. If you can’t get a reservation in Hades, A blast furnace is the next best thing! • 200-700 C: Partial reduction – CO+3Fe2O32Fe3O4+CO2 – CaCO3CO2+CaO – Fe3O4+CO3FeO+CO • 700-1200 C: Final reduction – C+CO22CO – FeO+COFe+CO2 • 1200-1500 C: Iron melts – CaO+SiO2CaSiO3 SLAG • 1500 C: Phosphates and silicates reduce – Dissolve in iron as impurities • “Basic oxygen process” – Really BIG hairdryer oxidizes impurities – Lime converts oxides to liquid slag RIP Titanic: Sunk by Crappy Rivets Where do pennies come from? Chalcopyrite: CuFeS2 (s) 1. 2 CuFeS2 (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2CuS (s) + 2FeO (s) + 2SO2 (g) 2. 2FeO (s) + SiO2 (s) → FeSiO3 (l) [mix with sand to make slag] 3. CuS is unstable and decomposes to Cu2S 4. Cu2S (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Cu2O (s) + 2SO2 (g) 5. Cu2S (s) + 2Cu2O (s) → 6Cu (l) + SO2 (g) [copper is ready for plumbing] 6. Electrorefining used to produce more pure copper for wiring Not your average penny • Two pennies thick • 22 stories high It takes how much energy? • • • • Aluminum: 3+ ion; 27 g/mol 1/3Al3+ + 3e- = 1/3 Al(s) : 9g Compare to Mg2+: 12g; Ca2+: 20g “Aluminum manufacture in the US uses more electricity in one day than a city of 100,000 uses in a year!” Do you know what you’re eating? “The average adult in the U.S. eats about 7-9 mg aluminum per day in their food.” “Only very small amounts of aluminum that you may inhale, ingest, or have skin contact with will enter the bloodstream. Exposure to aluminum is usually not harmful, but exposure to high levels can affect your health.“ So, where does it all go? Thankyou. Thankyou very much. http://www.marklattanzi.com/travel/2005Italy/pics/sanGimingnano/004-MetalSmith.jpg http://www.steel.org/AM/images/learning/howmade/images/bosplant.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://herokids.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/earth.jpg&imgrefu rl=http://herokids.wordpress.com/&h=324&w=324&sz=34&tbnid=2vHbolAIr7D_6M:&tbnh=118&tbnw=1 18&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dimages%2Bof%2Bearth&hl=en&usg=__Bn3li_GURzmFu0tR4fH0hyD5wHk=&ei =5gIiSs2EA6DqtQOXkN2JBA&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image http://images.starpulse.com/Photos/Previews/Titanic-movie-14.jpg http://www.nps.gov/stli/faqs.htm http://corrosion-doctors.org/Electrowinning/Copper.htm http://www.mandmrecycling.com/images-atlanta-recycling/Steel_recycling_bales.jpg http://www.fotosearch.com/bthumb/LIQ/LIQ102/vl0001b093.jpg http://www.green-sexy.com/images/2008/01/04/recycle_logo_cans_3.gif http://www.recyclemonsters.com/steelcrains.jpg http://images.surlatable.com/surlatable/images/en_US//local/products/detail/PC609457.jpg http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts22.html#bookmark05 http://www.8notes.com/images/artists/elvis-presley.jpg AND The Large Book Called “Chemistry, the Molecular Nature of Matter and Change”, Martin S. Silberberg, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Copyright 2009.