Transcript Question 1

First Quarterly Assessment 8th
Grade Science
Question 1
Which unit of measurement do astronomers use
when measuring the distance between two stars
found in the Milky Way?
A. meter
B. light-year
C. kilometer
D. astronomical unit
Question 2
Two galaxies are interacting with each other.
What is the force that draws these two galaxies
toward each other?
A. friction
B. gravity
C. electricity
D. magnetism
Question 3
What causes the streak of light observed when a
meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere?
A. sunlight reflected from the meteoroid surface
B. energy released from radioactive materials in
the meteoroid
C. lightning produced between the meteoroid and
the upper atmosphere
D. visible light produced from the interaction
between the meteoroid and the upper
atmosphere
Question 4
Which explains the relationship between hours of
sunlight and seasons
A. the rotation of Earth on its axis
B. the tilt of Earth’s axis relative to the sun
C. the location of Earth’s orbit in the solar system
D. the motion of the moon as it travels around
Earth
Question 5
Why do satellites and spacecraft launched from
Earth need to reach a specific speed to escape
Earth’s surface?
A. to overcome Earth’s gravitational force
B. to protect equipment from radiation
C. to break through the sound barrier
D. to avoid Earth’s magnetic field
Question 6
This photograph of Galaxy M-82 was taken by
students at the Kitt Peak observatory in Arizona.
Which type of equipment did the students use to
collect the light to make this photograph?
A. satellite
B. binoculars
C. microscope
D. optical telescope
Question 7
What change would occur if Earth’s rate of rotation
significantly increased?
A. The year would be shorter.
B. The year would be longer.
C. The day would be shorter.
D. The day would be longer.
Question 8
Which phenomena occur as a result of the
gravitational attraction between the moon and
Earth?
A. eclipses
B. ocean tides
C. seasonal changes
D. phases of the moon
Question 9
The sun is a mid-sized, main sequence star.
What stage is next in the life cycle of the sun?
A. red giant
B. black hole
C. white dwarf
D. neutron star
Question 10
Which diagram shows the relative positions of Earth
(E), the sun (S), and the moon (M) during a full
moon?
[Note: Diagrams are not drawn to scale.].
A.
B.
C.
D.
The map below shows some of the major
tectonic plates on Earth.
Question 11
What process is forming high non-volcanic
mountains at location 1 on the map?
A. One tectonic plate is splitting apart into two
plates.
B. Two tectonic plates are colliding and pushing
together.
C. One tectonic plate is sliding past another
tectonic plate.
D. Two tectonic plates are colliding and one is
sliding under the other.
Question 12
A line of volcanoes occurs along the western coast of South
America, near location 4.
Based on the information about plate movement on the
map, which process explains the formation of these
volcanoes?
A. subducting of one plate under the other causing
melting of the lower plate
B. sliding of one plate sideways past another resulting in
friction and melting
C. melting of crust because of plate movement over a “hot
spot”
D. rifting of a plate with lava filling in the resulting valley
Use the information below to answer questions #13, 14 .
Extinction
A paleontologist was studying the evidence of extinction of organisms in the fossil record.
Data were collected at several work sites. The paleontologist developed the drawing below
of eight layers at one work site. Other data used included the graph below that shows
changes in sea level from 490 million years ago to 60 million years ago. Asterisks on the
graph indicate times of mass extinction of marine organisms.
Question 13
Based on observations, the paleontologist concluded
that the layers had been undisturbed by geological
activity.
Which layer should have the oldest fossils?
A. layer 8
B. layer 6
C. layer 4
D. layer 2
Question 14
The paleontologist collected samples from a site that has
the same rock layers as the original site but is located 5
kilometers away.
Comparing the original site with the site shown above,
what geologic process accounts for the difference in the
arrangement of the rock layers at the two sites?
A. erosion
B. faulting
C. folding
D. weathering
Question 15
Coal is usually found underground, compressed in a
layer between other types of rock.
Coal is produced by what rock-forming process?
A. crystallization from melted rock
B. formation of sediment from weathering
C. deposition and burial of dead plant matter
D. eruption of volcanic ash followed by settling in a
layer
Question 16
What is the major process of surface rock formation
on volcanoes?
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A. Rock cools quickly from melted rock.
B. Rock is recrystallized by extreme pressure.
C. Rock solidifies slowly deep underground.
D. Rock is formed from deposited sediment.
Rock Layers – Use these figures for questions 17 and 18.
The two figures below show rock layers that
have been affected by Earth processes. The
thin arrows on the block in Figure 1 show
direction of movement. The thicker arrows on
both Figures 1 and 2 show the direction of
forces that acted on the original flat layers.
Question 17
Which plate boundary feature is associated with the
compressive forces shown in Figure 2?
A. continental rift valley where one plate is
splitting apart
B. mid-ocean ridge where two plates are moving
away from each other
C. high folded mountains where two plates are
pushing toward each other
D. strike-slip faulting where two plates are
sliding sideways past each other
Question 18
Which process produced the pattern of layers
shown in Figure 1?
A. folding
B. faulting
C. spreading
D. weathering
Question 19
Students observe that the length of the shadow of a flagpole varies throughout the
year. They measure and diagram the flagpole’s shadow in spring, summer and fall
at mid-afternoon. The students’ diagrams are shown.
In your answer, describe or draw what the flagpole’s shadow will
look like at mid-afternoon in the winter, December 21.
Then, explain why the flagpole’s shadow length changes throughout the year.
(2 points)
Question 20
The diagram models Earth and the moon in two positions of its
orbit. The arrows indicate the direction of light from the sun.
Identify what phase of the moon will be seen from Earth when the moon is in
position X Describe or draw what that phase looks like from Earth. Indicate in your
description or drawing what portion of the moon is lit or is not lit.
Then, identify what phase of the moon will be seen from Earth when the moon is in
position Z. Describe or draw what that phase looks like from Earth. Indicate in your
description or drawing what portion of the moon is lit or is not lit.