Transcript Kontrollmarkšeidermõõdistuse, probleemid ja lahendused

Some legal and technical aspects of peat
production and mining geodesy
Estonian Peat Association
International Peat Association
Commission of Mineral Resources of Estonia
Engineering bureau STEIGER
Erki Niitlaan
Proposition
Peat is one most complicated
substance to measure ...
Content
Terminology
Legal instruments of peat mining survey
Problems with peat
Conclusions
Terminology
Mining – removal of mineral resources from
their natural bedding.
By “mineral resources” in Estonia we mean:
-
oilshale
peat
sand, gravel
limestone, dolomite
clay
creative mud
etc
Legal instruments
Earth’s Crust Act
Act provides the procedure and principles of exploration,
protection and use of the earth’s crust, with the purpose of
ensuring economically efficient and environmentally sound
use of the earth’s crust.
-
-
geological investigation and geological explorations;
extraction of mineral resources;
the rights of the owner of an immovable upon use of
mineral resources within the boundaries of the owner’s
immovable;
restoration of the land disturbed by geological
investigation, geological explorations or mining;
protection of the earth’s crust.
Legal instruments
Mining Act
-
-
-
mining and the secondary utilisation of underground
workings;
plans for mining and the secondary utilisation of
underground workings;
undertakings engaged in mining, the secondary
utilisation of underground workings or preparation of
plans for such work;
specialists in charge and authorities assessing and
attesting the conformity thereof;
liability and state supervision.
Both acts are regulating aspects of all
mineral resources inc. peat
Legal instruments
Under Earth's Crust Act Minister of Environment has
established a regulation of (05.04.2011)
The environmental declaration forms, procedures
for compliance of the forms, the procedure for
the submission of the report of the volume of the
extraction of mineral reserves
Legal instruments
Regulation declares:
All extraction permit holders should submit once
in quarter a report of the volume of the extracted
mineral reserve based on production data.
Depending of volumes all permit holders should
verify their declarations with mine survey
Peat producers have to do mine survey once
during the permit period (25 years) - 3 years
before the end of permit
Legal instruments
Under Mining Act Minister of Economic Affairs and
Communications has established a regulation of
(28.01.2012)
The procedure for mine survey operations
Legal instruments
Regulation declares:
Frequency of survey
Requirements for accuracy
Requirements of methodology
Requirements of documentation
(inc report, conducted calculations, drawings etc)
Requirements of underground mine survey
Legal instruments
Regulation declares that during mine survey of peat:
Border of slightly and well humified peat should
be determined
Survey should be conducted in whole depth of
peat layer despite the depth of extraction permit
During mine survey new samples of peat moisture
and humification level should be determined
In case of first survey at least 10 % bottom layer
depths should be measured by sounding. In case
of average difference more than 10 cm new
sounding should conducted
Problems
Peat reserve is measured in thousands of tons in relative
moisture 40 %
Slightest mistake in calculation of production volumes
will accumulate during the time
Peat characteristics are changing and peat is migrating
vertically during the preparation of production site and
production
Old geological survey reports cannot be trusted without
check over
Over the time the borders of extraction permits, reserve
blocks or immovable's have been changed because of
digitalisation and renewing databases
Following of borders of extraction permit are controlled
very precisely because of digitalisation
Problems
Producer measures a volume in cubage, but has to
declare in tonnage - witch constant should he use?
Problems
Laiküla production site (natural bedding)
Constants at 1991
slightly humified peat – 0,121
well humified peat – 0,175
Constants at 2011
slightly humified peat – 0,137
well humified peat – 0,205
Totally another constants should be
used for peat in stockpile
Problems
Kasesoo production site
Slightly humified peat
Parameter
Degree of
fumification
Moisture
content
New
values
(2010)
Regulation
Handbook
21
Original data
(1993)
14
0,156
0,152
90
0,132
90
Well humified peat
Degree of
humification
Muisture
content
33
28
0,186
89
0,180
0,167
89
Problems
Should the volume of extracted peat calculated
trough the left reserve or extracted reserve?
In witch case witch constant should be used?
proved reserve – left reserve = extracted reserve [ 1 ]
or
proved reserve – extracted reserve = left reserve [ 2 ]
left reserve + extracted ≠ proved reserve
[ 1 ] – new constant
[ 2 ] – average of new and geological survey constants
Problems
During the preparation of production site and
exploitation peat migrates vertically a lot
Problems
Problems
Problems
A calculated reserve of bottom pillar is changing
in time due to peat’s vertical migration
Problems
Declaration of volumes should be done by
reserve blocks – it’s very easy to make a mistake
Problems
Problems
Changes in regulations
Since 01.01.1995 slightly humified peat is ≥ 25 %
Before that it was ≥ 20 %
Most of peat reserves are proven before 1995!
Most mine surveys are done after!
Conclusions
There no ideal way to measure peat reserves or usage of
reserves
Measuring in tonnages seems to be most precise
During peat mine survey in addition to instrumental survey a
control sounding and new laboratory testing should be done
Control sounding should be conducted on same locations as
original sounding was done in geological survey
Peat mine survey should be conducted in whole depth of
peat layer as extraction permit should be granted
Despite the effort it’s almost never possible to get absolutely
accurate results what will mach with previous surveys
New regulation of the procedure for mine survey operations
should solve most problems
Thank you!
• Mmmm, millised on piirid kus ma võin toimetada?