Transcript Rocks & Minerals - Chesterfield Township School

Investigation 3:
Rocks&&MINERALS
Minerals
ROCKS
Let’s learn about Rocks &
Minerals: Soils, Rocks, and
Landforms: Investigation 3
• Rock Cycle Movie
Rocks are classified by:
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Texture
Grain
Minerals
Color
Origin (how they were
formed)
TEXTURE
• how a rock looks and
feels
• determined by the
size, shape, and
pattern of a rocks
grains.
GRAIN
– Size -- large, small
– Shape --smooth, rough,
round jagged
– Pattern – rows, waves,
swirls, beads or
random patterns
MINERAL COMPOSITION
– Rocks are made of
more than one
mineral
ORIGIN
• How were the
rocks formed:
- magma
- erosion and
layering
- heat and pressure
Types of Rocks
1. Igneous rocks formed from the
cooling of magma or
lava
– Lava is magma that
reaches the earth’s
surface
Types of Rocks
2. Sedimentary rocks formed from other
rocks that are broken
into small particles
(sediments) and
moved by erosion
(wind or water)
• The particles are
squeezed or cemented
together
• Rocks are layered
Types of Rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks
-formed from other
rocks
• Rocks have been
pushed deep into the
earth’s crust
• Pressure from the
earth above and heat
from the mantle below
cause them to change
shape, color, grain and
crystal structure
Rock cycle
Minerals
• All minerals :
– are created
naturally in
nature from
nonliving solid
– have crystal
structure
– have definite
chemical
composition
• definite crystal
structure
– particles line up in a
regular, repeating
pattern.
– flat sides called faces,
that meet at sharp
edges and corners.
Properties of Minerals
1. Color
first thing noticed
about minerals
Properties of Minerals
2. Hardness
A measure of how
easily a mineral can be
scratched.
Properties of Minerals
3. Density
• Minerals will have a
certain density
regardless of the size of
the sample.
• Each mineral has its
own density called
specific gravity
Properties of Minerals
4. Luster
• The way a mineral
reflects light.
• Can be metallic or
non-metallic.
• Shiny or dull.
• waxy, pearly, glassy.
This is a gem stone called
tourmaline it has a glassy
luster
Properties of Minerals
5. Streak
• The color of its
powder.
• Not always the same
as the color of the
mineral.